Common Conditions of the Eye 1 Flashcards
How does a blunt trauma to the eye result in a blow out fracture
Rim can withstand force but the force is transmitted to the orbit walls which are thin causing the contents of the orbit to herniate out
Where does herniation of the orbit most likely go
To closely related air sinus
What is the affect of a blow out fracture
tethering effect of structures and extrinsic muscles herniate out and limit movements like elevation
potentially infraorbital nerve is caught
What muscles is a blow out fracture likely to affect
Superior recti
Inferior oblique
What is the signs of a blow out fracture
Double vision
Cant do elevation of eye
Teardrop sign on CT
Reduced sensation over infraorbital fissure
What is the drainage from the central retina artery
Superior ophthalmic vein then into the cravenness sinus
What is the location of the carvenous sinus
Sits in the intracranial dura above the sphenoid bone around the pituitary gland
What is the likely pathology if veins on the retina look tortured and engorged
Carvenous sinus thrombosis causing veins in the retina to block up become engorged and leak
What is the pathology of cravenness sinus thrombosis
Due to an infection picked up in the emissary veins that drains into cravenous sinus
What additional problems can arrises from carvenous sinus thrombosis in relationship to the structures around it
Cranial nerve paralysis of:
Oculomotor II Trochlear IV Maxillary V2 Ophthalmic V1 Abducens VI
What is the signs and symptoms associated with cavernous sinus thrombosis
Blurred Progressive vision
Red swollen eye
Painful
No eye movement - due to cranial nerve paralysis
What should be seen on the ophthalmology of the retina in cravenness thrombosis
Missing (yellow clear) fovea centralis structure
Optic disc swollen
Engorged and tortured vein
What affect does thyroid disease have on the eye
Hypertrophies the fat in the orbit of the eye
What is the clinical appearance of the thyroid eye disease
Staring appearance
See limbus of the eye
What is the Limbus and where does it lie in the normal eye
Junction between cornea and sclera
Upper eye lid is 1-2mm below limbus
and lower eye lid sits on limbus
The symptoms of the inability to close eye lid with a dropping mouth is due to what cranial nerve paralysis
Fascial nerve
What kind simple infection can lead to facial nerve palsy and what
Ear infection as fascial nerve passes through middle ear and exist through the stylomastoid foramen
What is the cause and symptoms of conjunctivitis
Self limiting bacterial or viral infection
Red, watering eyes with potentially discharge
If loss of vision occurs in conjunctivitis what does this means
has progressed into the cornea
What is the two types of styes and their symptoms
Both result in swollen eye
Hordelum Interim:
Pus on the inside
Hordelum externum:
Pus on the outside
What gland is blocked in horelum externum styes
Sebaceous glands found in the skin of the eye lid
What is the gland blocked in horelum internum
Meiboman gland found on the tarsal plate of the eye lid
- painful as stuck inside connective tissue
What is the treatment of styes
warm compress
eyelid hygiene
surgical incision = curettage
What problem of the eye occurs embryonically
Coloboma - failure of chorioid fissure to fuse
What appearance does coloboma have and what parts of the eye does it affect
Key hole appearance
Iris
Retina
Optic Disc
What can cause retina detachment
Blunt trauma to the eye
What is the pathology of retina detachment
Peripheral retina to tear
Vitreous gel gets liquefied
Liquid vitreous pushes through the retinal tear and detaches it
Where does the retinal attachment embryonically occur
Inner 9 layers detach from 10th layer
Symptoms of retina detachment
Curtain closing infront of the eye leading to blindness
