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The Nervous System: The eye > Common Conditions of the Eye 1 > Flashcards

Common Conditions of the Eye 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How does a blunt trauma to the eye result in a blow out fracture

A

Rim can withstand force but the force is transmitted to the orbit walls which are thin causing the contents of the orbit to herniate out

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2
Q

Where does herniation of the orbit most likely go

A

To closely related air sinus

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3
Q

What is the affect of a blow out fracture

A

tethering effect of structures and extrinsic muscles herniate out and limit movements like elevation

potentially infraorbital nerve is caught

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4
Q

What muscles is a blow out fracture likely to affect

A

Superior recti

Inferior oblique

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5
Q

What is the signs of a blow out fracture

A

Double vision

Cant do elevation of eye

Teardrop sign on CT

Reduced sensation over infraorbital fissure

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6
Q

What is the drainage from the central retina artery

A

Superior ophthalmic vein then into the cravenness sinus

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7
Q

What is the location of the carvenous sinus

A

Sits in the intracranial dura above the sphenoid bone around the pituitary gland

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8
Q

What is the likely pathology if veins on the retina look tortured and engorged

A

Carvenous sinus thrombosis causing veins in the retina to block up become engorged and leak

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9
Q

What is the pathology of cravenness sinus thrombosis

A

Due to an infection picked up in the emissary veins that drains into cravenous sinus

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10
Q

What additional problems can arrises from carvenous sinus thrombosis in relationship to the structures around it

A

Cranial nerve paralysis of:

Oculomotor II
Trochlear IV
Maxillary V2 
Ophthalmic V1
Abducens VI
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11
Q

What is the signs and symptoms associated with cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

Blurred Progressive vision

Red swollen eye

Painful

No eye movement - due to cranial nerve paralysis

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12
Q

What should be seen on the ophthalmology of the retina in cravenness thrombosis

A

Missing (yellow clear) fovea centralis structure

Optic disc swollen

Engorged and tortured vein

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13
Q

What affect does thyroid disease have on the eye

A

Hypertrophies the fat in the orbit of the eye

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14
Q

What is the clinical appearance of the thyroid eye disease

A

Staring appearance

See limbus of the eye

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15
Q

What is the Limbus and where does it lie in the normal eye

A

Junction between cornea and sclera

Upper eye lid is 1-2mm below limbus
and lower eye lid sits on limbus

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16
Q

The symptoms of the inability to close eye lid with a dropping mouth is due to what cranial nerve paralysis

A

Fascial nerve

17
Q

What kind simple infection can lead to facial nerve palsy and what

A

Ear infection as fascial nerve passes through middle ear and exist through the stylomastoid foramen

18
Q

What is the cause and symptoms of conjunctivitis

A

Self limiting bacterial or viral infection

Red, watering eyes with potentially discharge

19
Q

If loss of vision occurs in conjunctivitis what does this means

A

has progressed into the cornea

20
Q

What is the two types of styes and their symptoms

A

Both result in swollen eye

Hordelum Interim:
Pus on the inside

Hordelum externum:
Pus on the outside

21
Q

What gland is blocked in horelum externum styes

A

Sebaceous glands found in the skin of the eye lid

22
Q

What is the gland blocked in horelum internum

A

Meiboman gland found on the tarsal plate of the eye lid

  • painful as stuck inside connective tissue
23
Q

What is the treatment of styes

A

warm compress
eyelid hygiene
surgical incision = curettage

24
Q

What problem of the eye occurs embryonically

A

Coloboma - failure of chorioid fissure to fuse

25
Q

What appearance does coloboma have and what parts of the eye does it affect

A

Key hole appearance

Iris
Retina
Optic Disc

26
Q

What can cause retina detachment

A

Blunt trauma to the eye

27
Q

What is the pathology of retina detachment

A

Peripheral retina to tear
Vitreous gel gets liquefied
Liquid vitreous pushes through the retinal tear and detaches it

28
Q

Where does the retinal attachment embryonically occur

A

Inner 9 layers detach from 10th layer

29
Q

Symptoms of retina detachment

A

Curtain closing infront of the eye leading to blindness

The Nervous System: The eye (11 decks)

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