Common Cold (Coryza) Flashcards
What is the common cold? (Honestly, writing this card feels patronising)
A viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract
What parts of the upper respiratory tract does a cold affect?
- Nose
- Throat
- Sinuses
- Larynx
How common is the common cold? (Should I really be asking this?)
It is the most common infection in children
By what routes is the common cold most typically spread?
- Aerosol
- Direct contact with nasal secretions or contaminated objects
Can the viruses survive outside the body?
Yes, for a prolonged period of time
Where is transmission of the common cold most common?
In day-care or at school
Why are these common settings for cold transmission?
Due to close proximity of children with little immunity and frequently poor hygiene
What are the symptoms of a cold related to?
The response of the immune system to the virus
What are the common causative organisms of the common cold?
- Rhinovirus
- Coronavirus
- RSV
What are the risk factors for developing a cold?
- Poor immune function
- Poor sleep
- Malnutrition
- Close contact with others
What are the symptoms of a common cold?
- Clear or mucopurulent nasal discharge
- Nasal blockage
- Cough
How long may a cough persist for following a cold?
Up to 4 weeks
How is a cold diagnosed?
Clinically
What are the differentials for a cold?
- Allergic rhinitis
- Bronchitis
- Pertussis
- Sinusitis
What is the management of a cold?
Symptomatic treatment with OTC remedies e.g. pain relief, hydration, decongestion etc.
Are antibiotics useful in treating a cold?
No.
What is important to explain to parents when managing a patient with a cold?
That antibiotics won’t help and the disease is self-limiting
Why is parent education important?
To reduce anxiety and prevent future appointments for the same problem
What analgesics can be used?
Paracetamol and ibuprofen
What are the potential complications of a cold?
- Secondary bacterial infection resulting in sinusitis, pharyngitis or otitis media
