Common Cases Flashcards
Sclerotherapy
What?
Treatment for varicose veins and spider veins.
vascular malformation
How is it done?
We place several small needles in the vascular malformation. Sometimes a small amount of contrast is injected to confirm that the needles are in the right place. Then a liquid or foam, known as a sclerosing agent, will be injected. This causes the vascular malformation to shrink.
Why?
About half of vascular malformations can cause pain and swelling and changes to the colour of the skin at the affected area.
https://www.guysandstthomas.nhs.uk/health-information/sclerotherapy#:~:t
Nephrostomy
What?
A tube that lets urine drain from the kidney through an opening in the skin on the back
How is it done?
The tube sits in the renal pelvis.
Usually under local anaesthetic.
With the used of ultrasound and/or X-rays to guide a very thin needle though the skin to the correct position.
The position will be confirmed with an injection of contrast medium.
Once the position is confirmed, a wire is placed through the needle and the needle is removed. The nephrostomy tube is inserted over the wire. The wire is removed and the tube is ‘locked’ in position by pulling and fastening a string that causes the end to curl into what is called a ‘pig-tail’ appearance.
Nephrostomy tube will need to be exchanged periodically
Why?
If a ureter becomes blocked, urine (pee) cannot flow from the kidney to the bladder. This causes urine to build up in the kidney. When this happens, the kidney may slowly stop working.
The blockage may be caused by a kidney stone, infection, scar tissue, or a mass
Biliary Dilation
What?
Biliary dilatation (also called dilation) is a procedure to stretch bile ducts that are too narrow. Bile, a substance that helps in the digestion of fats, is made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. After meals it is excreted into the intestines via the bile ducts (also called biliary ducts).
How is it done?
A tiny, deflated balloon is threaded along the wire, into the duct, and inflated to open up the narrow portion of the duct. Then a drainage catheter is placed into the duct to help the bile continue to drain; this catheter may stay in place for up to three months.
Why?
ducts become blocked or narrowed due to traumatic injury or surgery. If left untreated, this can lead to cholangitis (bile duct inflammation), liver abscess or secondary cirrhosis.
https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=biliary-dilatation
Biliary Stent Insertion
What?
How is it done?
Why?
Portacath Insertion/Removal
What?
How is it done?
Why?
Superior Vena Cava (SVC) Stent Insertion
What?
How is it done?
Why?
Transcatheter Arterial Chemo Embolisation
What?
How is it done?
Why?
Paediatric Oesophageal Dilatation
What?
How is it done?
Why?
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)
What?
How is it done?
Why?
Oesophageal Stent Insertion
What?
How is it done?
Why?
Percutaneous Drainage
What?
How is it done?
Why?
Fistuloplasty
What?
How is it done?
Why?
External Biliary Drain
What?
How is it done?
Why?
ALL Vascular Access Device Insertion
What?
How is it done?
Why?
Combined Biliary Procedure
What?
How is it done?
Why?
