Blood test Flashcards
INR meaning?
international normalised ratio
blood test tells you how long it takes for your blood to clot
an INR of 1.1 or below is considered typical. An INR range of 2.0 to 3.0 is generally an effective therapeutic range for people taking warfarin
INR levels that are too low may mean you are at risk for dangerous blood clots because your blood clots too easily. INR levels that are too high may mean you are at risk for dangerous bleeding because your blood is taking longer than normal to form a clot.
normal ranges 2.0 to 3.0
A.P.T.T
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Clotting Time
What does it mean when your PTT is high? If your partial thromboplastin time test result is high, it means your blood is taking longer to clot than it should. This could mean: Your heparin dose is too high.
A normal range is around 21 to 35 seconds.
Hemoglobin
The test is most commonly used to detect anemia (lower than normal hemoglobin levels)
high hemoglobin most often caused by low oxygen levels in the blood (hypoxia)
A surgical procedure with a moderate or high blood loss will further aggravate the anaemia and deplete iron stores
Male: 13.8 to 17.2 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or 138 to 172 grams per liter (g/L) Female: 12.1 to 15.1 g/dL or 121 to 151 g/L
Platelets
Platelets help your blood clot. Too few platelets can be a sign of cancer, infections or other health problems. Too many platelets may put you at risk for blood clots or stroke.
The normal laboratory reference range for platelets is 150–450 × 109/L.
Creatinine
A creatinine test is a measure of how well your kidneys are performing their job of filtering waste from your blood.
Creatinine is a chemical compound left over from energy-producing processes in your muscles. Healthy kidneys filter creatinine out of the blood. Creatinine exits your body as a waste product in urine.
A normal result is 0.7 to 1.3 mg/dL (61.9 to 114.9 µmol/L) for men and 0.6 to 1.1 mg/dL (53 to 97.2 µmol/L) for women
High creatinine- Kidney disease or injury, including infection, poor blood flow to the kidneys, a blockage in the urinary system, or kidney failure.
Low creatinine- may be a sign of malnutrition or a condition that causes your muscles to get smaller, such as a long illness, a nerve disorder, or muscle loss from aging. Serious liver disease can also lead to low levels
eGFR
estimated glomerular filtration rate
Healthy kidneys should be able to filter more than 90ml/min.
If eGFR is low having contrast puts the kidneys at risk of acute kidney disease which could lead to Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis.
Potassium
A potassium blood test measures the amount of potassium in your blood. The test is often part of a group of routine blood tests called an electrolyte panel. It may be used to monitor or diagnose conditions related to abnormal potassium levels. These conditions include kidney disease, high blood pressure, and heart disease.
blood potassium level is 3.6 to 5.2 millimoles per liter (mmol/L)
W.C.C
White blood cell count
A low blood test count puts the patient at risk of infections.
An abnormally elevated preoperative white blood cell count (WBC) has been associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. As its a high you already have a infection and it puts you at risk of the infection spreading to other areas of the body if you have a procedure.
4.5 to 11.0 × 109/L normal value.
Bilirubin
Checks liver health by measuring the levels of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a substance produced by the breakdown of red blood cells. Bilirubin (bil-ih-ROO-bin) passes through the liver and is eventually excreted out of the body
Normal blood bilirubin levels range from 5 to 21 micromol/L.
Adults: < 21 µmol/L
but the ideal is less than 10
An elevated bilirubin concentration is associated with a higher risk of postoperative liver failure, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative bleeding, infection, heart failure, renal insufficiency, and death
