Command Operations 202s Flashcards
(161 cards)
1
Q
These factors include those obvious to visual observation and those absorbed subconsciously. This visual information is categorized as the type that can normally be gained by actually looking at a tactical situation from the outside. This form of intelligence involves the perceptive capability of Command.
A
Visual Factors.
202.02
3/6
2
Q
These factors include information that is not visually available to Command from a position on the outside of a tactical situation and must be gained by the initial arriving company or actually sending someone to check-out, go-see, look-up, research, advise, call, go-find, etc. This generally involves Command making a specific assignment and then receiving an information-oriented report.
A
Reconnaissance Factors.
202.02
3/6
3
Q
These factors include the intelligence that is gained from formal pre-fire planning, general informal familiarization activities and from C.A.D. through the MCT (i.e., bldg. drawings, hazardous materials, etc.). Such intelligence increases the information initially available to Command from the OUTSIDE of a tactical situation. This information provides Command with intelligence that would otherwise have to come from a Reconnaissance report or might not be available.
A
Preplanning and Familiarity Factors.
202.02
3/6
4
Q
What is the acronym for Critical Fireground Factors?
A
BFOLARS.
202.02
5
Q
What are the Critical fireground factor for Building?
A
-Size Roof type (Bow string, bar joist, etc.), and condition
-Roof covering (concrete, composite, tile)
-Interior arrangement/access (stairs, halls, elevators)
-Construction type
-Age
-Condition–faults/weaknesses
-Value
-Compartmentation/separation
-Vertical-horizontal openings, shafts, channels
-Security/forcible entry needs
-Outside openings–doors and windows/degree of security
-Utility characteristics (hazards/controls)
-Concealed spaces/attic characteristics
-Access capability
-Effect the fire has had on the structure (at this point)
-How much building is left to burn
-Time projection on continuing fire effect on building
-Fire Protection (sprinklers/standpipes)
202.02
3/6
6
Q
What are the Critical fireground factors for Fire?
A
- Size
- Extent (% of structure involved)
- Location (alpha, bravo, charlie, or delta side)
- Stage (inception–flashover)
- Direction of travel (most dangerous)
- Time of involvement
- What’s on fire
- Type and amount of material involved–structure/interior finish/contents/everything
- Type and amount of material left to burn
- Combustion liberation (intensity of smoke, heat, fire gases and flame)
- Fire area and perimeter
- Fire access (ability to operate directly onto the fire)
202. 02
7
Q
What are the Critical fireground factors for Occupancy?
A
- Specific occupancy
- Type-group (business, mercantile, public assembly, institutional, residential, hazardous, industrial, storage, school)
- Value characteristics associated with occupancy
- Fire load (size, nature)
- Status (open, closed, occupied, vacant, abandoned, under construction)
- Associated characteristics/use (plating shop, storage, nursing home, etc.)
- Type of contents (based on occupancy)
- Time–as it affects occupancy use
202. 02
8
Q
What are the Critical fireground factors for Life Hazard?
A
- Location of occupants (in relation to the fire)
- Number of occupants
- Condition of occupants (by virtue of fire exposure)
- Incapacities of occupants
- Resource level required for search and rescue
- EMS needs
- Time estimate of fire effect on victims
- Exposure of spectators/control of spectators
- Hazards to fire personnel
- Access rescue forces have to victims
- Characteristics of escape routes/avenues of escape (type, safety, fire conditions, etc.)
202. 02
9
Q
What are the Critical fireground factors for Arrangement?
A
- Access, arrangement, and distance of external exposure
- Combustibility of exposures
- Access, arrangement, and nature of internal exposures
- Severity and urgency of exposures (fire effect)
- Value of exposures
- Most dangerous direction–avenue of spread
- Time estimate of fire effect on exposures (internal and external)
- Barriers/Obstructions to operations
- Capability/limitations on apparatus movement and use
- Multiple buildings
202. 02
10
Q
What are the Critical fireground factors for Resources?
A
- Staffing and equipment on scene
- Staffing and equipment responding
- Staffing and equipment available in reserve or in Staging
- Estimate of response time additional resources
- Condition of personnel
- Capability and willingness of personnel
- Capability of Command personnel
- Number and location of hydrants
- Supplemental water sources
- Adequacy of water supply
- Built-in private fire protection (sprinkler, standpipe, alarms)
202. 02
11
Q
What are the Critical fireground factors for Special/other factors?
A
- Time of day/night
- Day of week
- Season
- Special hazards by virtue of holidays and special events
- Weather (wind, rain, heat, cold, humid, visibility)
- Social conditions (strike, riot, terrorism, special events)
202. 02
12
Q
In the IAP, what are the objectives of a Offensive strategy?
A
- Firefighter Safety
- Rescue(Primary Search)
- Transitional Fire Attack
- Interior Fire Attack
- Control and Coordinate
- Ventilation
- Support work (ladders)
202. 02
13
Q
In the IAP, what are the objectives of a Defensive strategy?
A
- Firefighter Safety
- Establish Hazard Zone
- ALL CLEARS in exposures
- Prevent extension to exposures
- Firefighter’s safety is THE #1 Tactical Priority for a Defensive Strategy
202. 02
14
Q
The activities required to protect occupants, remove those who are threatened and to treat the injured.
A
Rescue.(Search and Rescue)
202.02A
2/3
15
Q
The activities required to stop the forward progress of the fire and to bring the fire under control.
A
Fire Control.
202.02a
16
Q
The activities required to stop or reduce primary or secondary loss to property and the negative psychological and emotional impact of the event on the customers.
A
Loss Control/stopped.
202.02a
17
Q
What makes up the Umbrella of Service?
A
- FF safety
- Customer service.
- Loss control.
Firefighter Safety
Continuing efforts for firefighter safety include physical fitness and mental preparedness. Training prior to incidents and post incident reviews to assure safety, we are continuously looking for equipment to improve firefighter safety.
Customer service
We recruit members that understand the importance of customer service.
We acknowledge positive customer service actions and look for ways to better serve our customers.
Loss Control
The concept of Loss Control not only addresses salvage and overhaul techniques but also emphasizes the importance of craftsmanship, pride in profession, and compassion for those we service in time of need.
All three of these considerations take place before, during, and after all emergency responses.
This umbrella of service is as important as the tactical priorities and is critical to the success and positive outcome of an incident
202.02A
3/3
18
Q
The strategic(Off/Def) mode will be based on:
A
-The rescue profile (savable occupants/survivability profile)
-The building (type of construction, condition, age, etc.)
-Structural integrity of the building (contents vs. structural involvement)
-The fire load (what type of fuel is burning and what’s left to burn)
-The fire and/or smoke conditions (extent, location, etc.)
202.02B
2/7
19
Q
Command must consider the most critical direction and avenues of fire extension, plus its speed, particularly as they affect:
A
- Level of risk to firefighters
- Rescue activities
- Confinement efforts
- Exposure protection
In some cases, the most effective tactical analysis involves an evaluation of what is not burning rather than what is actually on fire. The unburned portion represents where the fire is going and should establish the framework for fire control activities and requirements.
202.02B
3/7
20
Q
What are the 7 sides (or sectors) of the fire:
A
Front, rear, both sides, top, bottom, and interior.
202.02b
21
Q
Command develops an effective attack through the management of these factors. Which are?
A
- Location/position of attack
- Size of attack
- Support functions
202. 02
22
Q
Command should abandon offensive attacks with marginal conditions when:
A
-A primary “all clear” is obtained and the situation is still marginal.
-The roof is unsafe or untenable. Especially working fires in large unsupported, or lightweight trussed attic spaces.
-Interior forces encounter heavy heat and cannot locate the fire or cannot make any progress on the fire.
-Ineffective Transitional Attack
-Heavy smoke is being forced from the building under pressure and is
increasing.
THE ONLY REASON TO OPERATE INTERIOR IN MARGINAL SITUATIONS IS RESCUE.
202.02B
5/7
23
Q
Master streams are generally the most effective tactic to be employed in defensive operations. For tactical purposes, a standard master stream flow of ___ GPM should be the guideline.
A
750.
202.02b
24
Q
Fire “under control” means?
A
The forward progress of the fire has been stopped and the remaining fire can be extinguished with the on-scene resources.
202.02b
25
If defensive operations are conducted from the onset of the incident, Command will?
Notify Alarm that there will not be a primary search completed for the affected structure(s).
202.02b
26
When should a secondary search be done and by whom?
After “initial” fire control and ventilation activities have been completed. Secondary search should preferably be completed by different companies than those involved in primary search activities.
202.02c
27
Command must consider the following factors in developing a basic rescue size-up:
1. Number, location and condition of victims
2. Affect the fire has on the victims
3.Capability of the control forces to enter the building, remove/protect victims and
control fire.
202.02c
28
Rescue efforts should be extended in the following order:
Order of Rescue.
1. The most severely threatened.
2. The largest number(groups)
3. The remainder of the fire area.
4. The exposed areas.
202. 02c
29
The most urgent reason for calling additional alarms is?
For the purpose of covering life safety.
Normal means of interior access (stairs, halls, interior public areas, etc.) should be utilized to remove victims whenever possible. Secondary means of rescue (platforms, ladders, fire escapes, helicopters, etc.) must be utilized in their order of effectiveness.
The term "SEARCH & RESCUE" should be used when structuring a primary search over the radio; "ALL CLEAR" should be used only as a completion report.
202.02c
5/5
30
In a reported FF mayday. What are the steps command should take?
1.Emergency traffic. Announce to the fireground of missing FF.
2.Strategy. Change the strategy to include a high priority rescue.
3. Additional alarms. Request at least one greater and with a medical component.
4. Staging. Utilize a central staging area for the incoming balance.
5.RIC. Commit the RIC team.
6. PAR. Initiate a roll call. Withdraw crews to the exterior if needed.
7.Fire fight. Do not abandon if anything reinforce positions.
8.Rescue sector. A Chief Officer must be assigned to direct the rescue sector and rescue operations.
9. Assign a Safety Sector. A safety sector in the affected area will help control the risk taking. The officer will be able to conduct an assessment of the hazards allowing time for the rescue sector officer to concentrate on the critical rescue effort.
202.03A
6/8
31
All firefighters must remember that the ____ side of the couplings lead toward the nozzle, ___ side of the couplings toward the pump.
Female,male.
202.03
4/5
32
What is a basic Offensive plan?
1. Take command.
2.First line exterior transitional attack.
3.Provide support activities(Vent control)
4.Perform primary search if no resident "all clear"
5. Second line take to interior to extinguish fire/protect escape routes.
6. Water supply.
7.Quickly evaluate progress and react.
202.04
2/3
33
What is a basic Defensive plan?
1.Take Command
2.Evaluate fire spread/write-off lost property
3.Identify key tactical positions
4.Prioritize fire streams
5.Provide big, well placed streams
6.Water Supply
7.Quick determination on additional resources
8.Surround and drown
9.Practice safe operating procedures
202.04
3/3
34
On the Bullard T3 TIC, the right side of the display will show a bar graph or?
Relative Heat Indicator(RHI).
The RHI will indicate the approximate temperature of the object viewed within the “crosshairs” shown in the middle of the screen. The accuracy of the indicators is dependent on numerous factors including the distance from the object being viewed and its emissivity, which is the object’s ability to radiate heat. Objects such as metals and shiny objects will reduce the accuracy of the temperature indication.
202.05A
3/6
35
On the Bullard T3 TIC, the Super Red Hot feature starts at?
500 degrees F.
Heated objects are tinted yellow and gradually transition to orange and then solid red as heat levels rise.
202.05A
3/6
36
On the Bullard T3 TIC, what is the Electronic Thermal Throttle used for?
For pinpointing hot spots during overhaul, searching for overheated electrical equipment, or clarifying objects in ambient temperature situations.
To activate the ETT option, locate the two black buttons on top of the unit. Press the down button (the button closer to the front of the imager) to activate. Continuing to press the down button (or holding it down) will further engage ETT and will color more of the scene blue, eventually coloring even the coolest objects blue. Throttle back and forth as necessary.
202.05A
3/6
37
On the Bullard T3 TIC, on the Scene Catcher Handle how do you activate the Video Capture Mode?
Wait for a solid green light and then depress and hold the Momentary Switch for more than two seconds.
**Depressing the Momentary switch for less than one second will capture a snap shot only.
202.05A
5/6
38
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus shall be used by all personnel operating:
* in a contaminated atmosphere
* in an atmosphere which may suddenly become contaminated
* in an atmosphere which is oxygen deficient
* in an atmosphere which is suspected of being contaminated or oxygen deficient
This includes all personnel operating:
• in an active fire area
• directly above an active fire area
• in a potential explosion or fire area, including gas leaks and fuel spills
• where products of combustion are visible in the atmosphere, including vehicle fires and dumpster fires
• where invisible contaminants are suspected to be present (i.e. Carbon Monoxide during overhaul)
• where toxic products are present, suspected to be present, or may be released without warning
• in any confined space which has not been tested to establish respiratory safety
202.05B
3/3
39
Personnel must use caution when placed in the following positions:
-Above the fire (floors/roof)
-Where fire can move in behind them
-Where a Sector cannot control position/retreat
-When involved with opposing fire streams
-Combining interior and exterior attacks
-With limited access--one way in/out
-Operating under involved roof structures
-In areas containing hazardous materials
-Below ground fires (basements, etc.)
-In areas where a backdraft potential exists
-Above/below ground rescue
202.05
2/15
40
When laddering a roof, the ladder selected shall be one, which will extend a minimum of ____ above the roofline.
4'-6'(feet).
| 202.05
41
What is defined as any area that requires an SCBA, charged hoseline, special protective clothing, or in which Firefighting Personnel are at risk of becoming lost, trapped, or injured by the environment or structure?
The Hot Zone.
202.05
4/15
42
What situations would be included inside the Hot Zone?
-Entering a structure reported to be on fire
-Operating in close proximity to the structure during exterior operations
-Confined Space or Trench Rescues
-Operating close to crane operations or close to swift water operations
-Building collapse areas
-Operating close to helicopter operations
-Extrication operations
202.05
4/15
43
What is defined as just outside of the Hot Zone where the firefighters start their operations on the fireground. This zone is where the fire fighter is not at risk of becoming lost, trapped, or injured by the environment or structure.
The Warm Zone.
| 202.05
44
The following functions could be done in the warm zone:
-Forward fire apparatus working the incident (i.e.; engines, ladders)
-Laying lines
-HMRT and TRT developing tactics and strategies
-Utility truck operations
-Special equipment needs
-Accountability Officer
-Fire Investigations
202.05
5/15
45
The following functions could be done in the cold zone:
-Command
-Level I & Level II staging
-Support and Staff personnel
-Canteen
-Rehab
-Media
-P .D. Liaison
-INTERVIEWING THE RESPONSIBLE PARTY
202.05
5/15
46
Signs of building collapse may include:
-Sagging or otherwise distorted rooflines.
-Time of fire involvement.
-Cracks in exterior walls.
-Bulges in exterior walls.
-Sounds of structural movement--creaking, groaning, snapping, etc.
-Smoke or water leaking through walls.
-Flexible movement of any floor or roof where firefighters walk.
-Interior or exterior bearing walls or columns--leaning, twisting or flexing.
202.05
9/15
47
What construction features or conditions have been known to fail prematurely or to contribute to early structural failure when affected by fire?
-Buildings with lightweight truss, bar joist, or bowstring truss, roofs.
-Buildings supported by unprotected metal beams, columns, etc.
-Parapet walls.
-Large open (unsupported) areas--supermarkets, warehouses, etc.
-Large signs or marquees--which may pull away from weakened walls.
-Cantilevered canopies--which usually depend on the roof for support and may collapse as the roof fails.
-Ornamental or secondary front or side walls--which may pull away and collapse
202.05
10/15
48
If a working fire is suspected in a high-rise building, the following procedures shall be adhered to:
- Utilize stairways to go aloft if possible.
- Elevators may be used to go aloft provided the following measures have been taken:
-The elevator shaft must be checked to ensure that heat/fire have not damaged the hoist mechanism, etc. This can be done by checking the space between the doorframe and the elevator car and shining a light up the shaft. If smoke or fire are visible in the shaft, DO NOT USE THE ELEVATOR.
-Before using an elevator, the nearest enclosed stairway should be identified. Should the elevator stop at a floor with heavy SMOKE or intense heat, firefighters can then head directly for the stairs without losing time searching for them.
-You must verify that the floor you are going to arrive at is uninvolved. This can be done by utilizing the following measures:
Elevators With Firefighter Service Feature
• Engage the Emergency Operations feature.
• Take elevator to the floor two floors below the suspected fire floor.
• Be prepared to close the elevator door immediately, usually by removing finger from
the door control button, if fire or smoke are visible on the floor.
Elevators WITHOUT the Emergency Operations shall not be used if a working fire is indicated.
202.05
14/15
49
When operating around a high-rise building where the potential hazards of falling glass and debris exist, a fireground perimeter shall be established approximately ___ from the building and shall be observed by all Fire personnel as a high hazard area.
200'(feet).
Pumpers supplying water shall utilize hydrants outside the perimeter area when possible.
202.05
14/15
50
The objectives for Roof Sector operations include:
-Determining a safe working surface.
-Complete adequate size ventilation hole(s) and achieve effective ventilation.
-Coordinate roof ventilation with interior crews.
-Coordinate roof fire control operations (i.e. Roof Attack) as directed by Command.
-Maintain roof-top monitoring of roof structure and fire conditions.
-Communicate with Interior Sector
-Provide progress reports to Command.
202.06
3/4
51
The initial Roof Sector Officer must report to Command the following conditions:
-Roof design and construction (flat, peaked, bowstring, etc.)
-Structural conditions
-Fire conditions or effects of fire on roof
-Locations of fire walls
-Locations of heavy objects that are affected by fire conditions
-Ventilation plan
202.06
3/4
52
For high-rise operations, the Resource Sector is normally established:
Two(2) floors below the fire floor or other safe environment location below the fire.
202.07
53
The Resource Sector exists to?
To provides an identifiable location at which available supplies are assembled to provide immediate support when required.
The Resource Sector is also responsible for having the immediate area checked for equipment which may have been left at the scene upon termination of the incident.
202.07
2/3
54
When Resource sector has been established in a high rise fire. What is the minimum amount of crews that should be kept in resource?
A minimum of one company for every company on the fire floor should be maintained in Resource.
In high-rise fires, as companies arrive in staging and their apparatus is not needed for fire operations, crews should be sent to Resource Sector. Companies in the Resource Sector should be kept intact and assigned as a unit.
202.07
3/3
55
In high-rise fires, the radio designation "Resource" should include?
The floor number that Resource is located on.
Typical supplies include spare air bottles, hose, nozzles, hand tools, blowers, lights and loss control equipment. For major medical incidents backboards, c-collars, oxygen, and associated equipment should be assembled.
202.07
2/3
56
The heat stress management protocol will be implemented?
From June 1st to September 30th of each year or as needed whenever temperatures are expected to exceed 105 degrees or whenever the combination of air temperature and humidity equal a heat index of 105 degrees.
206.19 (new)
2/3
57
What are MEMBERS responsibilities according to the heat stress management SOP?
-maintain proper rest/nutrition regimen
-observe appropriate work/rest cycles
-hydrate before, during, and after each shift (minimize coffee, tea, and cola products)
-inform supervisor of any ill effects to heat
202.08
2/3
58
What are COMPANY OFFICERS responsibilities according to the heat stress management SOP?
-Outside cardiovascular activity (tennis, racquetball, running, etc.). Shall be limited to a maximum of 30 minutes during this time period.
-a minimum of 64 ounces (2 quarts) of fluid should be consumed during the 24 hour shift.
-work/rest cycles--request a relief company and assignment to rehab after crew has consumed two bottles of air.
202.08
2/3
59
What are COMMANDS responsibilities according to the heat stress management SOP?
• Establish a Rehab Sector on all working fires.
• Assign companies to Rehab Sector immediately after work cycles. (companies shall remain in rehab for a minimum of 20 minutes and meet rehab recovery criteria before reassignment).
• If possible, utilize the practice of first company in, first company out.
• Request additional resources as necessary.
202.08
2/3
60
What is the dispatch protocol according to the heat stress management SOP?
• During summer months, for all 3 & 1 assignments, one relief RIC company and rehab apparatus will be dispatched on working structural fires.
• On 1st Alarm Fires, one additional company and the rehab apparatus will be dispatched on all working assignments.
202.08
3/3
61
In an effort to reduce the exposure to known carcinogens found in smoke, this SOP will help guide members to minimize exposure to carcinogens they will encounter when exposed to fire or smoke conditions. For this SOP, an exposure is defined as:
Any member that is exposed to smoke, fire, interior operations, or any other condition that is deemed hazardous by the incident commander, captain, or crew.
202.08B
2/5
62
On a multi-unit response the ____ _____ will be responsible for assigning each crew to decontaminate prior to that crews replenishment or rehab.
Incident commander.
| 202.08b
63
The ROCC Valley Regional Wellness Committee recommends the following to reduce their exposure to products of combustion:
-Wipe down head, neck, arms and hands with provided wet wipes
-Wear EMS gloves under work/structure gloves while working around equipment that was exposed (hose loading, tool cleaning, hose cleaning)
-Changing into clean clothes prior to leaving scene (each crew is recommended to carry a bag with a complete clean change of clothes on apparatus at all times)
-Bag and seal turnout gear prior to placing it back on the apparatus (outside of the cab if possible. IE: a compartment or the crow’s nest.)
-Wiping down any equipment with a soap and water solution prior to it
being put away (SCBA’s, TIC, hand tools, etc.)
202.08B
4/5
64
What are the responsibilities of Rehab sector?
1. Medical assessment and/or treatment and /or transportation for injuries/illnesses.
2. Revitalization-rest, hydration and refreshments.
3. Initial stress support assessment.
4. Reassignment determination.
202.08
2/5
65
What are the four sections of Rehab sector?
SECTION A: Entry Point Member Triage
Entry point rehab sector personnel will:
• Monitor the entry point and determine if decon is needed
• Collect and place passports on status board
• Log member entry on Rehabilitation Sector Personnel Log (Once the incident is terminated, the Rehab Sector Personnel Log will be given to the Incident Commander)
• Take vital signs and assess need for medical treatment
Members will be triaged as follows:
• Any member who has a pulse rate greater than 120 and/or has a medical
complaint, will be directed or moved to Section C, Medical Treatment and Transport, for additional assessment and treatment. (The ENTIRE crew will report to Section C.)
• Members that do not require medical attention will report to Section B, Hydration and Replenishment.
SECTION B: Hydration and Replenishment
This section may be staffed by the canteen driver or other designated personnel. Personnel will be provided supplemental cooling devices, fluid and electrolyte replacement, and the proper amount of nourishment.
Initial CISM support will be provided in this section, if needed.
SECTION C: Medical Treatment and Transport
An ALS company and an ambulance crew will staff this section. Personnel reporting here will receive evaluation and treatment for injuries or illness. The ALS Company will monitor members:
• Pulse,
• B/P, and
• Body Temperature
The Rehab medical personnel, in conjunction with medical direction, will be responsible for determining a member’s final Section C disposition. Final dispositions include; (1) member be allowed to return to fire operations, (2) not be allowed to return to fire operations, or (3) be transported to a medical facility for further evaluation and/or treatment.
Medical personnel will consider the following criteria when making the recommendation.
• 20 minute resting heart rate above 100 beats per minute?
• Body temperature greater than 101 F?
• Diastolic blood pressure less than 100?
The Captain of the ALS Company assigned to Section C will provide crew status reports to the Rehab Sector Officer. Final dispositions may include:
• Extended medical attention and /or transportation needed or
• Crew approved to move to Section D, Reassignment
SECTION D: Reassignment
The member(s) assigned to Section D will:
• Notify the Rehab Sector Officer that a crew is ready for redeployment. The new
assignment will be communicated to the crew’s officer, or
• Advise the Rehab Sector Officer that a partial crew is available for reassignment.
All personnel leaving Rehab will retrieve passports from the Rehab Sector Officer.
202.08
4/5
66
If CISM is needed at a fire. They can be found where?
In Rehab sector, Section B Hydration and replenishment.
| 202.08
67
The Rehab medical personnel, in conjunction with medical direction, will be responsible for determining a member’s final Section C disposition. Final dispositions include;
(1) member be allowed to return to fire operations
(2) not be allowed to return to fire operations or
(3) be transported to a medical facility for further evaluation and/or treatment.
202. 08
68
The Rehab medical personnel will consider the following criteria when making the recommendation about final dispositions:
- 20 minute resting heart rate above 100 beats per minute?
- Body temperature greater than 101 F
- Diastolic blood pressure less than 100?
202. 08
69
We ventilate a building for 3 principle reasons:
- To gain (and control) entry
- To remove heated gases and smoke
- To make interior spaces more tenable and reduce property loss
202. 08
70
What is the fireground policy of Bowstring truss/Arched roofs?
1. When fire is in the attic/truss space, and it is safe to do so, quickly search the building and implement a defensive strategy.
2. When crews are unable to locate the fire, and it is safe to do so, quickly search the building and implement a defensive strategy.
3. When fire involves a room and contents with no evidence of extension to the attic/truss space – implement a quick, aggressive transitional, offensive strategy.
202.09
3/4
71
A high-rise building is defined as:
6 elevator stops or greater or 75 feet in height or greater.
202.11
2/9
72
During High Rise operations, what is the definition of Evacuation stairwell?
The stairwell dedicated to the removal of
occupants from the building.
202.11
73
During High Rise operations, what is the definition of Fire attack stairwell?
The stairwell dedicated to the fire attack
operations ideally with roof access with no evacuation traffic to impede the fire attack operations.
202.11
74
The First arriving Engine Company on a High rise fire should:
- Spot apparatus as close to interior access as possible
- Proceed directly to the building lobby and gain access to the Fire Control Room or building alarm panel if a dedicated control room does not exist
- Establish Building Systems Sector with 1 member from the initial Engine Company
- Crew should initiate a lobby level size up
202. 11
75
The First arriving Ladder Company on a High rise fire should:
- Spot in position to utilize aerial device for rescue or defensive firefight if necessary
- Proceed directly to the building lobby
- Captain should proceed to the Fire Control Room or alarm panel and meet with first arriving Engine Company Captain/Crew should begin elevator assessment for possible use
- Crew should begin elevator assessment for possible use
202. 11
76
The Second arriving Engine on a High rise fire should:
- Company should establish water connection to building standpipe system
- Engineer should remain with the pumper
- Captain should proceed to the Fire Control Room or alarm panel to meet with first arriving Engine Company and Ladder Company Captains
202. 11
77
On a High rise fire what is the Rescue Profile?
1. Most severely threatened
2. Largest number
3. Escape routes or methods of removal
4. Protect in place
5. Use of PD in Lobby sector
6. Each building is directed by fire code to have an evacuation plan including
a meeting place outside, away from the building
202.11
7/9
78
During High rise fires and climbing stairs to the fire floor. How often should you check the air in your bottle?
When using stairs to ascend, crews must collectively check their air supply every 5 floors and its managed by the captain.
All crews entering building must bring a minimum of 1 spare SCBA bottle.
Areas of “clean” atmosphere must be identified for retreat.
202.11
9/9
79
"Securing" the fire scene is a function of:
Loss control.
There is "value added" to the quality of service when firefighting includes loss control functions. Loss control involves methods of minimizing loss in each of the tactical priorities through all phases of firefighting. Throughout each of the three (3) tactical priorities, the safety and survival of firefighters, customer service, and loss control functions are continuously addressed.
202.12
2/7
80
It is a "signature" of professionalism in our craft. Refers to what?
Performing loss control.
| 202.12
81
Salvage operations must be aimed at aggressively controlling loss by the most expedient means. Salvage objectives are:
1. Stop or reduce the source of damage.
2. Protect or remove contents.
202.12A
2/3
82
The following items should be considered when addressing salvage:
- Type, value and location of contents
- The extent and location of the fire
- Recognition of existing and potential damage sources
- Estimate of required resources
202. 12a
83
Fires that extended into the wooden or other combustible building materials that make up the supporting members of the structure. These fires may extend from room and contents fires or originate in the structural members themselves.
Structural fires.
| 202.12b
84
Fires that are contained to the room or area of origin and do not extend past the drywall and it’s penetrations for duct work, plumbing and electrical.
Room/contents fire.
| 202.12b
85
At fires involving the structure, cellulose insulation, or where extension into concealed spaces has occurred (e.g., attic walls, floor spaces), the Incident Commander shall:
-Schedule crews to do a post fire inspection at 2, 4 and 8-hour intervals.
-The RAT should be placed within the structure and activated for a minimum of 12 hours.
202.12B
3/7
86
A high index of suspicion should be considered for the following post fire conditions:
-Fire that has spread to cellulose type insulation.
-Fires in multi-family dwellings where the occupants in adjacent suites have been allowed back into their homes.
-Fires that occur in or around tightly framed components, such as windows and doors.
-Fires in confined or compartmentalized structural areas.
-Fires in floor systems or under the structure. Sub floors and utility chases etc.
-Other conditions that may likely result in a secondary fire.
202.12B
4/7
87
The Customer Services Sector shall report to Command unless?
A Loss Control Branch/Section is assigned, at which time he/she shall report to the Loss Control.
202.12c
88
When mental health/help is needed in Customer service sector. Who can be contacted?
-MFMD CISM
-Employee assistance program Contractor
-The American Red Cross.
-Victims Personal ins
-MFMD Chaplain
-Other clergy
202.12C
4/4
89
When contacting the Red Cross, to assist after the fire provide the following information:
-Address of the incident.
-Address where victims can be contacted.
-Phone number of contact location.
-Number of displaced persons with information on age, sex, etc.
-Fire Department Incident No.
202.12C
4/4
90
Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) has many benefits to fire operations. They include:
1. PPV rapidly removes heat and smoke from the building.
2. PPV improves the atmosphere--thus improving patient survivability profiles.
3.Rapid removal of smoke improves the firefighter’s ability to conduct search and rescue operations and loss control operations.
4. The improved atmosphere and visibility increases the firefighter’s ability to conduct attack/extinguishment operations.
5. The improved atmosphere reduces firefighter heat stress.
6. PPV reduces losses caused by smoke and fire damage to the structure.
7. PPV can reduce the need for and risk of roof ventilation at many fires.
202.12D
2/5
91
When should Command order PPV?
After water has reached the seat of the fire and with respect to fire flow paths, to assist with rescue.
202.12D
2/5
92
PPV Fans should be positioned __ feet back from the entry point.
7.
| 202.12d
93
Engine Mounted Master Streams should be considered for:
-Structures that are well involved, beyond rapid reach of attack lines
-For exposure protection
-Situations that pose an unusual safety risk to firefighters.
-Transitional attack needing large GPMs for a large BTU fire, (i.e. fully involved garage).
In this case, a supply must be established, and the attack should take less than one minute.
Engine Mounted Master Streams offer very large GPM flows (500 to 1,000 GPM), quick operation, reach and penetration.
202.12E
3/6
94
What are your basic hoseline placement strategy?
-The first stream should be operated at the seat of the fire from an exterior position if at all possible (Transitional Attack).
-When performing a primary search the second stream should be placed between the fire and the location of persons endangered by it.
-When no life is endangered (Resident “All Clear”), the second stream should be placed between the fire and the most severe exposure or unburned areas.
-A third hose line should protect a secondary means of egress (always bear in mind the presence of Fire personnel operating in opposing positions).
-Additional hoselines should cover other critical areas or when covered, back up in place hoselines.
-Whenever possible, crews should position hoselines in a manner and direction that supports rescue activities, begins confinement, protects exposures, and controls loss.
The objective of the attack hose line choice is to provide enough GPM flow to overcome the volume of fire being produced, or adequate flow to effectively cool and protect exposures.
The 1-3/4 inch attack line can be used for most small fires (i.e., one or two rooms in a residential fire). The company officer however should order 2" or greater attack lines for a larger volume of fire.
202.12E
4/6
95
GPM for 1 3/4" line?
175 GPM.
Fast, mobile, greater volume.
202.12E
4/6
96
GPM for 2" line?
Up to 350 GPM.
Reasonable speed, mobility and variable volume. Depending on pump pressure and an automatic nozzle.
202.12E
4/6
97
GPM for 2 1/2" line?
Slow/difficult to move. Volume at 250 GPM. Large B.T.U. absorption
202.12E
4/6
98
GPM for Elevated Master stream?
Mostly stationary, slow to set up - maximum water, 500 to 1000 GPM. (Ladder Truck)
202.12E
4/6
99
GPM for Engine mounted Master stream?
Fast, large volume, great reach and penetration, 500-1000 GPM.
202.12E
5/6
100
What is a STILL brush assignment?
One engine and one brush truck.
| 202.15
101
Who's responsible for the daily forecast?
```
Central District(Phx Fire) will call the Dept of Forestry.
202.15
```
102
Any fire exceeding __ ____ will be declared as a "Wildland Fire."
50 acres.
| 202.15
103
The following factors have a critical effect on the burning characteristics of a wildland fire. They are?
Weather
Command must be aware of constantly changing weather conditions. During a normal day, local winds will change 180 degrees near midday and usually become gusty during the afternoon. Morning winds are normally East to West and afternoon winds are usually West to East. Fire spread will usually slowdown in the evening AS HUMIDITY INCREASES (25%) and increase during the midmorning hours AS THE HUMIDITY DECREASES (15%).
Command should always be aware of the fire conditions, weather conditions and time of day. Remember that a large WILDLAND fire can create dangerous convection currents that cause erratic fire behavior and spot fires far in advance of the fire head. Heavy winds also produce similar results.
Hot and dry conditions produce extremely rapid fire spread. A slight decrease in relative humidity will cause a significant increase in fire intensity. During extreme days surface-wetted fuel will dry in a few minutes.
Fuel
Most of the fuel in the Phoenix/Mesa Metropolitan area is relatively light and burns very rapidly. It is not expected to burn in any area for more than a few minutes and may not require extensive overhaul. Once an area has been burned, usually only the heavier fuel (tree stumps, etc.) need to be MOPPED UP. MOP UP is necessary to prevent embers from being blown into new fuel.
Topography
Fire burns uphill much more rapidly than downhill. On an uphill slope, the fire will tend to crown over the top and start spot fires a considerable distance down the receding slope. A large free-burning fire will tend to create its own convection currents and spot fires may be started. Access is often the most serious problem with topography.
Companies with considerable brush fire potential should size-up areas with regard to fuel, topography and extent of exposure to structures. Particular attention should be paid to access roads and accessible areas where apparatus may travel. Natural fire breaks and potential exposure problems should be noted on the area maps provided for this purpose.
202.15
4/10
104
Morning winds are normally __ _ __and afternoon winds are usually __ _ __.
East to west and west to east.
202.15
3/10
105
What is often the most serious problem with topography in a wildfire?
Access.
202.15
4/10
106
When immediate control is not possible on a brush fire. What becomes the primary goal?
The basic brush fire philosophy will be to aggressively stop the forward progress of fire whenever possible. Protection of exposures is the primary goal when immediate control is not possible.
When water is in short supply, it is usually most effective when applied to burning material instead of wetting fuel in advance. Seriously exposed structures should be kept wet while exposed.
202.15
5/10
107
The following is a list of size-up considerations that greatly affect tactics and strategy on a brush fire. (read only)
1. Location of fire head or heads. The fast moving part of the fire.
2. Pertinent burning conditions--weather, time of day, etc.
3. Type of fuel--light,heavy fuel.
4. Exposures improvements, buildings, crops, etc.
5. Size of fire and rate of speed.
6. Special hazards--hotspots, spot fires, developing heads.
7. Manpower needs.
8. Fuel continuity.
9. Accessibility into fire area.
10.Water resource—tenders, hydrants, etc. 11.Line of retreat. How can I escape?
202.15
6/10
108
When addressing mop up operations, Command should:
-Determine the distance inside the control line to be overhauled (for small fires, this may be the entire burn area).
-During rehab of mop up crews, ensure at least two firefighters remain in the area to monitor for re-ignition or spread of fire.
-Schedule for follow-up checks by crews to ensure the fire is out in mopped up perimeter.
202.15
6/10
109
Mop up is composed of two actions;
Putting the fire out, and disposing of fuel either by burning to eliminate it, or removing the fuel so it cannot burn.
202.15
6/10
110
What are some indications of hot spots during mop up on a brush fire?
Some are gnats swarming, white ash, ground which shows pin holes, and wood boring insects. Feel with hands for possible smoldering spots.
202.15
111
Wildland fires are fast moving and extremely dangerous. These scenes require that all personnel understand these basic wildland firefighting orders.(read only)
1. Size-up! Base all actions on current and expected behavior.
2. Pay attention! Know what the fire is doing at all times.
3. Have escape routes. Captains should identify them and make sure the crew knows about them.
4. Maintain good communications. Between Command, Sectors and Crews.
5. Give clear instructions and follow the order model to ensure they are understood.
6. Maintain control of personnel. Captains must account for all crewmembers at all times.
7. Post a lookout (if needed, working uphill, on windy day, etc.)
8. Keep informed on weather, wind direction, forecast, etc.
9. Remember safety first, fight fire aggressively but safely.
10. Be alert, keep calm, think clearly, act decisively.
202.15
8/10
112
When water drops(wildland)will expose ground fire crews, they must move?
200' off the (fire)line, uphill and perpendicular to the fire line.
202.15
10/10
113
What is the deployment procedure for the wildland team?(read only)
The Arizona State Land Department Fire Dispatcher will notify Mesa Fire Department Alarm room to send out a page to the Special Operations Chief, the on deck Crew Boss and the Duty Chief for assistance. The Crew Boss will then contact the Shift Commander. The Crew Boss along with the shift Commander will determine the personnel and the apparatus for deployment. The Duty Chief will contact the Shift Commander after the page is received and will make final approval before any deployment.
All out of state deployment requests from State Land must be approved by the Duty Chief as well as the Fire Chief.
Occasionally State Land may request a second deployment. The next Crew Boss that is on deck must notify the Shift Commander and the Duty Chief for approval for a second deployment.
202.15A
1/3
114
Crew Responsibilities(wildland):
Upon notification of an assignment designated crews will deploy within 2 hours. When the Crew(s) arrives on the scene additional responsibilities that must be performed include:
-Individual and crew(s) safety will be paramount. The Crew Boss will consider him/herself as the primary Safety officer and will be responsible for the well being of the crew.
-Crew(s) will work under the National Incident Management system (NIMS) and be under the direction of an Incident Commander.
-Crew(s) will work under a Strike Team Leader that is closely monitored by a Division Supervisor.
-Crew(s) will be monitored by “lookouts” that warn them if extreme fire behavior or dangerous situations develop and will quickly relocate to a safe area that was already identified.
-The deployed Crew Boss will provide a daily report by phone to the Shift Commander. The Shift Commander will notify the Duty Chief or Senior Staff of the teams’ activities.
-The Crew Boss will ensure that the crew time report and equipment shift ticket is completed at the end of each shift.
-Upon returning to the City of Mesa the Crew Boss will notify the Shift Commander, Staffing, Alarm room of there return to the City.
202.15A
3/3
115
The minimum size of hoseline on a car fire is?
1 1/2" hoseline.
| 202.16
116
During tire fires, exposure hazards associated:(Read only)
The average passenger car tire holds 2.5 gallons of oil. When exposed to extreme heat the tires reach a state of combustion where volumes of pyrolitic oil can be produced. This could turn the tire pile into a running oil fire. Exposure hazards associated with the smoke plume, water runoff, and soil include:
• Volatile organic chemicals
• Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
• Carbon monoxide
• Heavy metals
These toxins can be absorbed either through the skin, mucus membranes, or respiratory system.
202.18
117
What will be dispatched if it is determined that a tire pile is on fire?
A Hazardous 2-1.
Upon arrival, the company officer must determine the stage of combustion the tire pile is in.
• Incipient
• Free burning
• Smoldering
The incipient stage of a tire fire begins with a point of ignition. Once a tire has gained an open flame front, the heat of the fire is absorbed by the surrounding tire material. Immediately separating the burning tire from the rest of the pile and/or applying water and foam could eliminate the threat to the remaining tires.
During the free burning stage, fire spreads quickly and there is a dramatic increase in smoke and heat. Use of water in this stage of a tire fire could increase the products of incomplete combustion like carbon monoxide and particulate matter. The cooled tires may continue to pyrolize, producing large quantities of oil. A crust may form over the pile while internal temperatures reach about 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit. The smoldering stage has begun.
202.18
3/9
118
Initial size-up must evaluate the Haz tire fire emergency in terms of:
-Personnel safety
-Public health
-Environmental impact
-Threatened exposures
-Extent of fire
-Need for additional resources, including PIO
202.18
4/9
119
In a tire fire, the three options for extinguishment are:(Read only)
Successful options for fighting a tire fire have been employed individually and in many cases, in combination with one another. Reduced to the lowest common denominator, these options are:
• Burn it
• Bury it
• Drown it
Burn It
Letting a tire pile burn has its merits. Soil and water pollution may be drastically reduced when many of the products of combustion go up in smoke. The clean up costs can be reduced when compared to other options.
A precedent for the “burn it strategy” appears in fire responses to chemical fires. Adding water to fires or hazardous materials which react to water could exacerbate the emergency.
Importantly, the fire service must manage and control the burn. Protecting exposures and separating tires from the burn area will continue to be a tactical priority.
Bury It
The decision to bury a tire pile also has merits. Sand, cement dust, quick lime, and crushed coral rock are all high in calcium content. Calcium scrubs sulfur from the emissions, creating calcium sulfate or gypsum.
The “bury it strategy” could be employed in areas that have minimal water supply or in areas that are densely populated. The decision to bury a tire fire would take into consideration reducing toxic smoke for the sake of public health.
Geological considerations play an important role in the bury it strategy. While the tire fire is entombed, fires can still pyrolize and push toxic oil into the soil and underground water sources. Burying a tire fire that is on top of clay soils may delay the oil from filtering to underground water supplies. To determine the release of pyrolitic oil, check down gradient from the pile for contamination.
Drown It
Water, foam, and additives have their own place as an option. The “drown it strategy” is best employed with forethought and careful pre-planning. Knowing in advance the topography and exposure hazards to water sources will be critical.
Drawbacks to the “drown it strategy” include:
• An increase in the toxic air emissions as the fire is cooled causing the combustion process to slow down.
• An inordinate amount of water run-off combined with pyrolitic oil will be the result of trying to drown out a fire.
Effectiveness of working lines applied to a tire fire is questionable. Handlines alone cannot reach the interior spaces of a tire fire.
The use of working lines on chunk and chipped tires, however, can be effective when used in a fog application. Here again, separating the inventory from the burn area is important to the control and extinguishment of chipped and chunk tire materials.
The use of foam would best be employed on small tire fires or when the fire is in the incipient stage. Pulling a larger tire pile apart with heavy machinery and applying foam would be a prudent use of the product. Foam should only be employed as part of a predetermined strategy.
202.18
8/9
120
Scrap tire fires can potentially last days, weeks, or months. Combined with the fact they are highly toxic and dangerous, Command must consider or address the following concerns:(read only)
-Emergency Operations Center
-Emergency Operations Plan
-Accountability
-Rapid Intervention Crews
-Safety Sector
-Lobby Sector
-Environmental Sector
-Evacuation Sector
-Public Information Sector
-Welfare Sector
-Police Liaison
-Resource Sector
-Rehabilitation Sector
-Staging Sector
-Hazardous Materials Sector
-Evacuation Sector
-Decontamination Sector
-Air Operations
-Arizona Department of Environmental Quality
-Mutual Aid Response
202.18
9/9
121
Engine company functions:
```
• Search, rescue and treatment
• Stretch hose lines
• Operate nozzles / master streams
• Pump hose lines
• Loss control
• Continuous water supply
202.01
2/4
```
122
Deployment of units in a High Rise fire:(Read only)
• First arriving Fire Department
o Assume Command
• First arriving Engine Company
o Spot apparatus as close to interior access as possible
o Proceed directly to the building lobby and gain access to the Fire Control Room or building alarm panel if a dedicated control room does not exist
o Establish Building Systems Sector with 1 member from the initial Engine Company
o Crew should initiate a lobby level size up
• First arriving Ladder Company
o Spot in position to utilize aerial device for rescue or defensive firefight if necessary
o Proceed directly to the building lobby
o Captain should proceed to the Fire Control Room or alarm panel and meet with first arriving Engine Company Captain/Crew should begin elevator assessment for possible use
o Crew should begin elevator assessment for possible use
• Second arriving Engine
o Company should establish water connection to building standpipe system
o Engineer should remain with the pumper
o Captain should proceed to the Fire Control Room or alarm panel to meet with first arriving Engine Company and Ladder Company Captains
• All additional operational resources
o After a declaration of a “working fire”, once on scene, all 1st and 2nd Alarm companies should proceed directly to the building and report to Lobby Sector
o Purpose of this is to decrease transit time once assignment is made o Lobby Sector will be operating on the Staging radio channel as per the Standard Phoenix Fire Department staging procedures
o Lobby Sector, Staging Sector and Command will coordinate arriving companies for accountability until assigned to a tactical position in the building
202.11
5/9
123
Ladder company/Tender functions:
```
• Search, rescue and treatment
• Ventilation
• Forcible entry
• Raise ladders
• Provide access/check fire extension
• Utility control
• Provide lighting
• Operate ladder pipes (aerials and platforms only)
• Perform overhaul
• Extrication
• Loss control
202.01
3/4
```
124
Transitional Response Vehicles:
• Search, rescue and treatment or other duties as assigned by the Incident Commander. Upon arrival TRV’s should communicate their arrival and be prepared to be assigned any function at an emergency event. They will likely be deployed as extra personnel to an Engine or a Ladder. Other functions may include treatment, rehab or assist Command.
202.01
4/4
125
Strategic Decision Making offers a standard list of basic items Command must consider in the evaluation of tactical situations. This list provides Command with a Strategic Decision Making Model which includes;
```
Critical Fireground Factors,
Risk Management Plan,
Strategy,
Incident Action Plan (I.A.P.) and
Tactical Priorities.
202.02
2/6
```
126
Risk Management Plan:
RISK A LOT, if necessary to PROTECT SAVABLE LIVES
RISK A LITTLE and in a calculated manner to PROTECT SAVABLE PROPERTY
We will NOT RISK AT ALL to protect lives and property already LOST
202.01
5/6
127
Tactical Priorities:
```
Firefighter Safety
Rescue
Fire Control
Loss Stopped
Customer Stabilization
202.01
6/6
```
128
Within the framework of the Risk Management Plan, the structure must first be determined to be safe to enter. Once determined safe, an Offensive Fire Attack is centered around _____.
Rescue.
202.02B
3/7
129
The following are guidelines for offensive fire attacks:(Read only)
Initial attack efforts must be directed toward supporting a primary, and/or final extinguishment of the fire post Transitional Attack
Determine fire conditions and extent before starting fire operations (as far as possible).
In some cases, the most effective tactical analysis involves an evaluation of what is not burning rather than what is actually on fire. The unburned portion represents where the fire is going and should establish the framework for fire control activities and requirements.
202.02B
130
The rescue/fire control-extension /exposure problem is solved in the majority of cases by a ____,_______, and ______ ______ ______.
Fast, strong and well placed attack.
202.02B
4/7
131
Defensive Strategy:(Read only)
The first priority in defensive operations is personnel safety, then exposure protection. The next priority may be to knock down the main body of fire. This may assist in protection of exposures but does not replace it as a higher priority.
When the exposure is severe and water is limited, the most effective tactic is to put water on the exposure. Another tactic would be to operate from the interior of the exposure.
Once exposure protection is established, attention may be directed to knocking down the main body of fire and thermal-column cooling. The same principles of large volume master stream procedures should be employed.
When the fire is brought under control, Command will notify Alarm utilizing the standard radio report of "FIRE UNDER CONTROL." Alarm will record the time of this report. Command must initiate a PAR report from all on scene sectors and crews.
202.02B
7/7
132
In “working fire situations”, primary search must be followed by a secondary search, unless Command has a resident ____ _____.
All clear.
202.02C
3/5
133
If a lost firefighter cannot contact Command, dispatch/alarm, or any other units on the assigned radio channel, the firefighter should go to another channel to attempt contact and declare an emergency. Channel __(_____)is preferred. It's important to find any channel that works. Once communication is established remain on that channel and messages will be relayed to Command.
1(dispatch)
202.03
3/5
134
GRAB LIVES ACRONYM
| The Acronym “GRAB LIVES” is a useful tool to use when a firefighter finds themselves in a Mayday situation.
G: Gauge. Check the gauge on the SCBA to verify remaining air supply.
R: Radio. Confirm proper channel and announce Mayday.
A: Activate the PASS device on the SCBA.
B: Breathing. Control your breathing.
L: Low. Stay as low as possible.
I: Illuminate or shine your light toward the ceiling.
V: Volume. Make as much noise as possible.
E: Exit. Search for an outside wall and resulting exit point.
S: Shield your airway.
202.03
5/5
135
A critical Command decision (both initial and ongoing) relates to the offensive/defensive mode of the situation:(Read only)
Offensive Strategy- Exterior transitional attack, followed by an interior attack and related support directed toward quickly bringing the fire under control.
Defensive Strategy--Exterior attack directed to first reduce fire extension and then bring the fire under control.
Command must declare which strategy is being used, as part of the on-scene report and at each notification of elapsed time.
202.04
2/3
136
Command must define offensive/defensive strategy based upon a standard risk management profile evaluating:
```
• Fire extent
• Structural conditions
• Entry capability
• Ventilation profile
• Viable potential for rescue
• Resources
202.04
2/3
```
137
The MobileLink handheld receiver will be utilized to receive transmitted thermal imaging video from the SceneCatcher. Each Battalion Chief vehicle will have a MobileLink Receiver. Engines and Ladder Companies will transmit video to the Incident Command via the SceneCatcher’s 2 channel system.
Engine Companies will use channel A to transmit.
Ladder Companies will use channel B to transmit.
202.05A
6/6
138
Due to the inherent hazards of the immediate fire or incident scene, efforts will be made by Command to limit the number of personnel on the fireground to those assigned to a necessary function.
All personnel shall be:
Positioned in Staging.
Assigned to a task or operating within a sector.
Be assigned to a Resource, Staging, or Rehabilitation Sector if the crew has completed their assignment and no other assignment is available within a tactical sector until such time as they can be reassigned to an operating sector or released to in-service status.
202.05
3/15
139
In extremely hazardous situations (flammable liquids, LP gas, hazardous materials, etc.) Command will engage only an absolute minimum number of personnel within the hazard zone. _______
________ _______ will be utilized wherever possible.
Unmanned Master Streams.
202.05
3/15
140
The ______ of firefighting personnel represents a major reason for fireground sectorization.
Safety.
202.05
7/15
141
Structures of other than ___ _____/_______ _____ construction are not designed to withstand the effects of fire, and can be expected to fail after approximately twenty minutes of heavy fire involvement. If after 10-15 minutes of interior operations heavy fire conditions still exist, Command should initiate a careful evaluation of structural conditions, and should be fully prepared to withdraw interior crews and resort to a defensive position.
Fire protected/Heavy Timber.
202.05
10/15
142
Interior firefighting operations should be abandoned when the extent of the fire prohibits control or the structure becomes unsafe to operate within. When such conditions make the building _________, evacuate, regroup, account for personnel, communicate and re- deploy.
Untenable.
The method of evacuation selected will vary depending on the following circumstances:
• Immanence of the hazard
• Type and extent of hazard
• Perception of the area affected by the hazard
A change from offensive to defensive mode requires Command to initiate a PAR of all crews on the fireground.
202.05
11/15
143
The decontamination process will be broken down into two different levels each level being based on future assignments. The two levels are ____________ Decontamination and __________ Decontamination.
Preliminary and Gross.
Preliminary Decontamination occurs when your crew leaves the hot zone and is assigned to replenish or go to rehab sector. During the Preliminary Decontamination your crew will use a soft bristle brush or a damp towel to remove large debris from your protective clothing.
This shall be done a minimum of 50’ from the hot zone. After doing so your protective clothing will be hung away from rehab using the turnout rack provided.
Gross Decontamination should not occur prior to being cleared of the incident. Gross Decontamination potentially could saturate your protective clothing and could cause steam burns if you are assigned to go back into the hot zone.
202.08B
3/5
144
_______ support activities are those functions that assist active fire control and rescue operations. They generally include forcible entry, ventilation control and egress but can be expanded to other functions when command feels its necessary.
Tactical.
Ventilation should be initially controlled to slow progress of the fire and reduce fire flow in the structure.
If the fire burns through the roof (defensive ventilation), it will generally do so in the best location--directly over the fire.
202.09
2/4
145
During fire control, ______ _______ in the structure will help reduce smoke damage.
Closing doors.
202.12
5/7
146
The key to successful salvage is to distinguish between:
Excessive damage, and damage that is required to reduce potential fire damage.
202.12A
3/3
147
Walk-through inspection of the structure to monitor for rekindles after fire control, and at scheduled intervals after the fire incident has been terminated.
Post Fire inspection.
202.12B
2/7
148
Continuous standby of fire personnel to monitor for rekindles after a fire incident has been terminated.
Fire Watch.
202.12B
2/7
149
A common deployment for an Attack Team involves a "forward" pumper supplied by one or two lines from a "___" pumper on a hydrant. With this configuration the Captain of the "forward" engine company normally becomes the Attack Team leader and initial Sector Officer.
Key.
202.10
2/3
150
Positive pressure ventilation is effective only when applied properly.(Read only)
• An "exit" for the pressurized air must be provided and must be located in the fire area. This is generally a window, door or other opening.
• Positive pressure ventilation must be injected to support interior fire control efforts.
• If possible ceilings should be intact to prevent extension of the fire into attic areas by PPV pressurization.
• Transitional attack from the exterior is complete and crews are moving to interior operations.
• In cases where transitional attack isn’t used, water should have been applied to the seat of the fire.
202.12D
3/5
151
Positive pressure ventilation can create problems if not effectively managed, monitored, and coordinated. Be aware of the problems listed below and take appropriate corrective action.
1. An exit should be in the burned area or the fire may be directed into the unburned portion.
2. Do not direct a fire stream into an operating PPV exit point.
3. All concealed spaces including attic areas need to be checked for extension.
4. Company officers and/or sector officers will be responsible for monitoring and coordinating the application of PPV.
5. Gas powered fans do produce carbon monoxide and breathing apparatus shall be required when PPV is used during overhaul operations.
202.12D
5/5
152
Basement fires should also be attacked from the:
Exterior (Transitional) when possible. Crews entering structure with a basement fire need to be cautious about floor joists that have been compromised. Consider use of piercing nozzles and straight streams prior to using fog streams.
202.12E
5/6
153
When positioning ladder pipes to protect adjacent exposures (common walls) during defensive operations, the ladder’s turntable should be lined up with:
The wall to be protected, to permit the most effective operation.
202.12E
6/6
154
When dealing with pet or animal rescues, they should be handled similar to "________" when evaluating the risk/gain profile of the incident.
Property.
Rescuing pets or animals during an incident should take the same priority as any loss control activity. An evaluation should be made in terms of the risk or exposure that our personnel would face, versus the likelihood of a positive outcome.
202.12F
2/5
155
Animal injuries can be treated in a similar manner as ___ injuries to a human.
BLS.
202.12F
2/5
156
Whenever there is any question regarding handling an injured, non-injured, stray or trapped animal, both the Humane Society and the AZ Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals are willing to either provide direct assistance, or serve as a clearing house in directing us to the proper agency or veterinary service. Both can be contacted thru _____ _______.
Mesa Alarm.
202.12F
3/5
157
The three primary agencies that can be contacted to respond to injured animal calls (where the animal is not a threat to human safety) are:
• Mesa Animal control
• Humane Society
• AZ Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
If it is necessary to move an injured animal out of a roadway, the recommended procedure is to wrap the animal in a blanket and immobilize it before moving it. Muzzling the animal with material such as kling or a backboard strap would be suggested. This will help to minimize the danger to the rescuers.
For stray, uninjured animals, call Mesa Alarm and they will refer the call to the Maricopa County Animal Control or Mesa Animal control.
158
The first arriving company officer that assumes Command(Wildland)must address the:
Life safety, fire control, and loss control benchmarks.
In a wildland fire setting the life safety benchmarks must include firefighters as well as civilians. Command must have a plan that includes safety zones for firefighters and equipment. These zones should be established early on to ensure all incoming resources are aware of them. Individual sectors can establish safety zones depending on need or location. Safety zones should be easily accessible and large enough to support rehab sectors and equipment caches. Aerial operations should not be located near safety zones.
• Command should be concerned itself with strategy and allow sectors to decide tactics
• Make early offensive/defensive decisions
• Gather adequate resources
• Think ahead - way ahead
• Support sectors
• Protect and rehab firefighters
202.15
9/10
159
Energy Absorbing Bumpers--Consist of gas and fluid filled cylinders that, when heated during a fire, will develop high pressures which may result in the sudden release of the bumper assembly. This could result in serious injury to anyone in its path. Bumper assemblies have been known to travel __ feet.
25.
202.16
3/5
160
The Customer Services Sector should consider offering the following services to the Customer/responsible parties. It should be noted that other Customer service needs may be identified and should be addressed as part of the Department's customer service goals.(Read only)
• Carry out responsibilities under supervision of Loss Control Officer.
• Explain what happened, what we are doing and why, how long we expect
to take until the incident is under control.
• Obtain from customer/responsible party, any significant information regarding the structure and/or its contents that might assist Command tactically with the operation. Inform Command of this information.
• Provide cellular telephone access.
• Communicate the location to which evacuees have been sent. (Notify the Investigations Sector of this location also when passing on this information.)
• Identify any mental health needs of customers/responsible party's, as well as any spectators or evacuees. (i.e., affects of shootings, mass casualty, highly visible critical rescue, etc).
• Notify Red Cross, Salvation Army, or other relief agencies.
• Notify other necessary agencies and/or individuals.
• Provide coordination of salvage efforts with the loss control officer.
• Where safe to do so, and after approval from Investigations Sector, coordinate a "walk-through" of the structure with the responsible party.
• Determine the location of valuables in the structure and notify Command/Loss Control officer.
• Work with Loss Control and proper utility services to restore power, gas and water, as quickly as possible to reduce additional losses through a loss of business to affected customers.
• Provide use of MFD Connectors as necessary.
• Coordinate site security.
Fire watch
Private security company
Necessary insurance services
Any services identified as necessary and possible
• Handout and explain the "After the Fire" brochure.
• Assist the Customer in notifying insurance agents, security services, restoration companies, etc.
• Provide blankets, and a shelter, where practical to do so, (i.e. an apparatus cab, neighbor's house, etc.) To get customers out of the weather and at a single location.
• Provide on-going service and support until the customer indicates our services are no longer needed.
202.12C
3/4
161
When operating either _____ __ _____ground level, establish at least two (2) separate escape routes/means where possible, (such as stairways, ladders, exits, etc.), preferably at opposite ends or diagonal corners of the building or separated by considerable distance.
Below or above.
202.05
4/15
