Command and Switches Flashcards

1
Q

lscpu

display offline and online CPUS

A

-a | –all

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2
Q

lscpu

only online CPU info

A

-b | –online

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3
Q

lscpu

only offline CPU info

A

-c | –offline

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4
Q

lscpu

display the info in a more readable format

A

-e | –extended = [list]

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5
Q

lscpu

column(s) to include (default is all - examples include ‘cpu’ or ‘node’)

A

[list]

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6
Q

lscpu

provide info displayed in a comma delimeted form used for logging - used by other apps for reporting

A

-p | –parse

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7
Q

lscpi

controls the level of verbosity of the info displayed

A

-v | -vv | -vvv

the second value is v v. not w

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8
Q

lscpi

displays the PCI info in a parseable format

A

-m | -mm

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9
Q

lspci

nicely formatted listing of PCI h/w on system

A

-vmm

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10
Q

lspci

displays a tree view of the PCI devices on the system (just device slot/port

A

-t

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11
Q

lspci

associate the device names with the IDs in a tree view

A

-tvmm

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12
Q

lsscsi

output is the same as running cat /proc/sci/scsi

A

-c | –classic

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13
Q

lsscsi

provides additional ‘major/minor’ device numbers behind each detected device

A

-d | –device

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14
Q

lsscsi

generice scsi device file name (sg)

A

-g | –generic

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15
Q

lsscsi

additional info for each device

A

-l | –long

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16
Q

lsscsi

print disk size in more readable format

A

-s | –size

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17
Q

lsscsi

controls level of verbosity

A

-v | -vv | -vvv

v v not w

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18
Q

lsusb

shows specified bus and device number info

A

-s [bus][:][device #]

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19
Q

lsusb

show only devices with indicated vendore and product ID in hex format

A

-d [vendor]:[product #]

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20
Q

lsusb

only this user can issue the
-D [device]

A

root

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21
Q

lsusb

displays hierarch in tree view

A

-t

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22
Q

lsusb

verbose device output

A

-v

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23
Q

lsblk

list empty devices as well - turned off by default

A

-a | –all

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24
Q

lsblk

print only top level device information

A

-d | –nodeps

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25
Q

lsblk

exclude the indicated devices - comma separated

A

-e | –exclude

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26
Q

lsblk

include info on filesystems

A

-f | –fs

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27
Q

lsblk

use ASCII characters for tree view

A

-i | –ascii

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28
Q

lsblk

output list format

A

-l | –list

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29
Q

lsblk

tree view of disk devices and partitions

A

shutdown -t

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30
Q

sysvinit: shutdown

will halt the system - shut it down

A

shutdown -h

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31
Q

sysvinit: shutdown

reboot the system

A

shutdown -r

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32
Q

sysvinit: shutdown

power off (if ACPI is available)

A

shutdown -P

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33
Q

sysvinit: shutdown

cancels shutdown

A

shutdown -c

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34
Q

sysvinit: shutdown

broadcasts wall message to logged in users

A

shutdown -k [message]

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35
Q

sysvinit: shutdown

indicates when the shutdown takes place in sec, min, specific time or now

A

shutdown [option]

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36
Q

sysvinit: halt

does not shutdown only halts

A

halt -f

halt –force

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37
Q

sysvinit: halt

power off after shutdown if ACPI available

A

halt -p

halt –poweroff

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38
Q

sysvinit: halt

only LOGS the shutdown but does actually do the shutdown or reboot

A

halt -w

halt –wtmp-only

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39
Q

sysvinit: halt

displays more information for troubleshooting

A

halt –verbose

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40
Q

GRUB - Legacy: Key Setting

determines the menu option that will be started if nothing else is chosen

A

grub default=[#]

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41
Q

GRUB - Legacy: Key Setting

the amount of time in seconds that you have to choose another option

A

grub timeout=[#]

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42
Q

GRUB - Legacy: sections (menu list entries)

text based description of menu entry

A

grub title [description]

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43
Q

GRUB - Legacy: sections (menu list entries)

the hard drive device number and partition of the root drive where the kernel is

A

grub root[(hd#,#)]

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44
Q

GRUB - Legacy: sections (menu list entries)

kernel
path
read options
label
options passed to it on system start

A

grub kernel[/boot/vmlinux-# options root=LABEL=/ options]

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45
Q

GRUB - Legacy: sections (menu list entries)

path to the initial RAM disk image for the chosen menu entry

A

grub initrd [/boot/initrd#.img]

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46
Q

GRUB - Legacy: sections (menu list entries)

menu list is edited with this during boot loader display

A

grub e

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47
Q

GRUB - Legacy: sections (menu list entries)

Grub command line can be accessed with this at menu

A

grub c

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48
Q

GRUB - Lecacy: reinstall

device can be identified by drive path
/dev/hda
/dev/hd0

A

grub-install [device]

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49
Q

GRUB - Legacy

application that will show the GRUB command prompt to explore the environment (finding primary device path and number)

A

grub

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50
Q

GRUB2

used to generate GRUB config file

A

grub2-mkconfig

sometimes grub-mkconfig

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51
Q

GRUB2

output to the specified location and file

A

grub2 -o [/path/grub.cfg]

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52
Q

GRUB2

installs GRUB2 to the indicated location
drive master boot record
full path

A

grub2-install

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53
Q

apt-get

read remote repository package listing (refresh)

A

apt-get update

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54
Q

apt-get

upgrade the existing system and installed software with any new versions reported as available in configured repositories

A

apt-get upgrade

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55
Q

apt-get

install indicated package (not .deb file general pkg name) as well as all its dependencies

A

apt-get install [packagename]

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56
Q

apt-get

upgrades all packages on the system one time to the next available version of Ubuntu/Debian in repositories

A

apt-get dist-upgrade

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57
Q

apt-get

removes the package’s files but any config files and directories will be left alone

A

apt-get remove [packagename]

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58
Q

apt-get

removes package(s) files AND any config files and directories associated with it

A

apt-get purge [packagename]

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59
Q

apt-get

will only download the .deb package and place it in /var/cache/apt/archives

A

apt-get -d [packagename]

apt-get –download-only [packagename]

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60
Q

apt-cache

search for packages matching the indicated value

A

apt-cache search [value]

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61
Q

apt-cache

show available info about the indicated package

A

apt-cache show [packagename]

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62
Q

apt-cache

additional tech info about package dependencies and services

A

apt-cache showpkg [packagename]

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63
Q

dpkg

will display package contents

A

dpkg –info [packagename]

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64
Q

dpkg

an abbreviated display of the –info option

A

dpkg –status [packagename]

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65
Q

dpkg

will install the indicated package name on the system

A

dpkg -i [packagename]

dpkg –install [packagename]

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66
Q

dpkg

removes the package(s) files but any config files and directories will be left alone

A

dpkg -r [packagename]

dpkg –remove [packagename]

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67
Q

dpkg

removes the package(s) files AND any config files and directories associated with it

A

dpkg -P [packagename]

dpkg –purge [packagename]

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68
Q

dpkg

list all files that were installed with the indicated package

A

dpkg -L [packagename]

dpkg –listfile [packagename]

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69
Q

dpkg

search for indicated installed file within the package database for all mentions of the indicated file or string

A

dpkg -S [filename]

dpkg –search [filename]

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70
Q

dpkg

allows you to force the removal of a package marked as requiring install

A

dpkg –force-reinstreq [packagename]

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71
Q

dpkg

used with -i or –install to force the install of a package with conflicting dependencies

could result in unusable state

A

dpkg –force-conflicts [packagename]

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72
Q

dpkg

some apps will include a tool for configuring the app during install
mail servers
database
servers
if you need to rerun that config tool for a package you can do it with this command

A

dpkg-reconfigure [packagename]

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73
Q

YUM

will read the configured repositories and local cache and upgrade all installed system apps
does NOT do distribution version upgrade

A

yum update

yum upgrade

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74
Q

YUM

enable a disabled repo for the current transaction only

A

yum –enablerepo [reponame]

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75
Q

YUM

installs the package along with all required dependencies

A

yum install [packagename]

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76
Q

YUM

when added to install will download the indicated package

A

yum –downloadonly

directory the package downloaded to
/var/cache/yum/[architecture]/[version]/base/packages

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77
Q

YUM

removes package and does NOT remove previously installed dependencies

A

yum remove [packagename]

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78
Q

YUM

remove unused dependencies

A

yum autoremove

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79
Q

YUM

added to any yum transaction will skip the affirmation step

A

yum -y

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80
Q

yumdownloader

download only source RPM

A

yumdownloader –source

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81
Q

yumdownloader

display the URL of files without downloading

A

yumdownloader –urls

82
Q

yumdownloader

allows you to indicate the directory to store the package download

A

yumdownloader –destdir

83
Q

yumdownloader

includes any dependencies

A

yumdlownloader –resolve

84
Q

rpm

rebuilds the local RPM database in the /var/lib/rpm directory and only root can do this using sudo

A

rpm –rebuilddb

85
Q

rpm

install
removal
query

accomplished by long or short

A

package names

86
Q

rpm

shows all packages meeting the indicated values that are installed

A

rpm -q [long/short packagname]

87
Q

rpm

detailed info about indicated values that are installed

A

rpm -qi [long/short packagname]

88
Q

rpm

listing of all files installed with package

A

rpm -ql [long/short packagname]

89
Q

rpm

show the appropriate details about a file NOT installed as named

A

rpm -qip

rpm-qlp [package.rpm]

90
Q

rpm

display changelog for indicated package and must be used with -q

A

rpm –changelog [long/short packagename]

91
Q

rpm

display all config files for the indicated package

A

rpm -qc [long/short packagename]

92
Q

rpm

show req of indicated rpm files

A

rpm -qRp [package.rpm]

93
Q

rpm

show package that indicated file dependency belongs to

A

rpm -qf [/path/of/file/to/check]

94
Q

rpm

validate using package checksums for indicated package

result of ‘NOT OK’ could mean problem but it might just mean the signature key needs to be imported

A

rpm -K

rpm –checksig [package.rpm]

95
Q

rpm

import the indicated keyfile from the package maintainer, renun the validation command once the key is installed

A

rpm -i

rpm –install [package.rpm]

96
Q

rpm

during activity, print a ‘status” bar using hash ‘#’ character used in conjunction with other options

A

rpm -h

rpm –hash [package.rpm]

ie rpm -ivh telnet-0.17-60.el6.x86_64.rpm will install the indicated package with hash status under the command in verbose mode

97
Q

rpm

option added during install or removal to force install/removal even if there are conflicts with existing files or packages

A

rpm –force

98
Q

rpm

option added during install that replaces duplicate files

A

rpm –replacefiles

99
Q

rpm

option added during install or removal to force the instal/removal of package without the indicated dependencies

this can make system unuseable

A

rpm –nodeps

99
Q

rpm

verify integrity of package will compare current install and config to default install and config

A

rpm -V [long/short packagename]

100
Q

rpm

verify ALL installed packages on the system

A

rpm -Va

101
Q

rpm

verify ALL installed package config files on the system and captured for later comparison

A

rpm -Vac

102
Q

rpm

install or upgrade the indicated package name while removing previous versions if they exist

A

rpm -U

103
Q

rpm

win ONLY upgrade the indicated package if it is already installed, if not installed nothing will be done

A

rpm -F

rpm –upgrade [packagename]

104
Q

rpm

erases the indicated package name

A

rpm -e

rpm –erase [short/long packagename]

NOTE: if short name is used and multiple matches for that short name are found, an error
will be displayed and the long name must be used OR –allmatches must be added to the
command (CAUTION

105
Q

set

turns option on

A

set -o [option]

106
Q

set

turns option OFF

A

set +o [option]

107
Q

sort

output a default sort of each line - top to bottom on the screen

A

sort [filename]

108
Q

sort

perform the sort at start of the second delimited field

A

sort -k[#] [filename]

109
Q

sort

sort file numerically paying attention to the entire number not just column 0

A

sort -n [filename]

110
Q

nl

will number all lines with data - default

A

nl [filename]

111
Q

nl

will number all lines even if line is empty

A

nl -ba [filename]

112
Q

wc

number of lines

A

wc -l

113
Q

wc

number of words

A

wc -w

114
Q

wc

number of characters (bytes)

A

wc -c

115
Q

expand

converts tabs to # of spaces indicated

A

expand -t

expand –tabs=[#]

116
Q

cut

display only column or range of columns from the indicated file name

A

cut -c [#] [-#] [filename]

117
Q

cut

sets the delimiter to use when dealing with fields

default - TAB

A

cut -d[delimiter]

118
Q

cut

identify field numbers (id’s by delimiter) to display from indicated filename

A

cut -f [field1[,field2[,field3]]] [filename]

119
Q

join

uses the indicated character as the field separator (delimiter)

A

joing -t [character]

120
Q

uniq

print ONLY the unique lines in the file

A

-u [filename]

121
Q

uniq

print an example of each line that is duplicated in a file

A

-d [filename]

122
Q

uniq

to print ALL instances of duplicate lines in a file

A

-D [filename]

123
Q

head

display n number of lines beginning at the bottom of indicated file

A

head -n [#] [filename]

124
Q

tail

display indicated file (default last 10 entries) but will then follow the files output adding additional values to the display as they are written

A

tail -f [filename]

125
Q

split

when the split files are created named them x#

A

split -a [#]

126
Q

split

new files contain the indicacted number of bytes/kilobytes/megabytes

A

split -b [#] [b/k/m]

127
Q

split

new files contain the indicated number of lines of bytes

A

split - [#]

128
Q

split

new files contain indicated number of lines

A

split -l [#]

129
Q

od

display named binary file

A

od -a

130
Q

od

decimal format

A

od -d

131
Q

od

floating point format

A

od -f

132
Q

od

octal format

A

od -o

133
Q

od

hexadecimal format

A

od -x

134
Q

pr

format text data in a file into the indicated number of columns for printing

A

pr –columns=[#]

135
Q

pr

print columns across instead of down and used in conjunction with –columns

A

pr -a

pr –across

136
Q

pr

double space the line output

A

pr -d

pr –double-space

137
Q

pr

customize the header text replacing the filename with the indicated text

A

pr -h

pr –header=[text]

138
Q

pr

omits header from output

A

pr -t

pr –omit-header

139
Q

fmt

desired width to break each line at

A

fmt -[#]

140
Q

fmt

split long lines over 50 chars without filling

A

fmt -s

141
Q

sed

most commonly used basic option that substitutes what comes next

A

sed s/

142
Q

sed

the values to search for in the stream

A

sed [value(s)]/

143
Q

sed

values to replace first value(s) with

A

sed [values(s)]/

144
Q

sed

when the command is ended with
replaces ALL instances of the first value with the second, if omitted, will only replace first occurrence of first value with second

A

sed g

145
Q

sed

used to chain multiple filters together instead of the ; character

A

sed -e

146
Q

sed

can use a file containing multiple lines of options to perform on the indicated filename

A

sed -f [scriptlistfile] [filename]

sed treats the file as stream and outputs standard output it does not change the file itself

147
Q

sed

display only the changed lines (instead of -g that shows all)

A

sed -pg

148
Q

sed

suppresses the printing of ‘pattern space’ and can prevent lines from appearing multiples times in output

A

sed -n

or sed –quiet

149
Q

sed

provide single list or range of line numbers to perform the substitution on

A

sed [#] [-/,] [#]

150
Q

more

prompt
space – continue
q – quit

rather than CTL-C or q

A

more -d

151
Q

more

specify the screen size in lines - default is 50 or the size of the terminal (if GUI terminal providing that info)

A

more -num [#]

152
Q

more

clear the screen before starting the first screen display

A

more -p

153
Q

ls

long listing containing
permissions
owner
size
date/time stamp

A

ls -l

154
Q

ls

list files including hidden files

A

ls -a

155
Q

ls

list just the directory without list the files init

A

ls -d

156
Q

ls

display the inode numbers for the file or directory

A

ls -i

157
Q

ls

add human readable format to filesizes and details

A

ls -h

158
Q

cd

your home directory’s tmp subdirectory

A

cd ~/tmp

159
Q

cd

home directory of the tmp user

A

cd ~tmp

160
Q

cd

reference to current directory

A

cd .

161
Q

cd

moves up one directory

A

cd ..

162
Q

mkdir

make all directories in indicated path if they do not already exist

A

mkdir -p

163
Q

touch

sets the date/time as indicated for the file

A

touch -t [date] [filename]

date/time format - yyyymmddhhmm (y-year, m=month, d=day, h=hour, m=minute)

164
Q

touch

applies the indicated date/time in the referencefile to the filename or multiple files

A

touch -r [referencefile] [filename]

used to define a starting point for files without having to remember the value

165
Q

stat

display the file system status instead of file status

A

stat -f

stat –file-system

166
Q

stat

display the info in terse (short) form

A

stat -t

167
Q

cp

do not follow symbolic links - just copy the link

A

cp -d

168
Q

cp

force overwrite if the file already exists in the destingation

A

cp -f

169
Q

cp

ask before overwriting an existing file

A

cp -i

170
Q

cp

create hard link to the original

A

cp -l

171
Q

cp

create symbolic link to the original

A

cp -s

172
Q

cp

recursively apply any options to other directories and subdirectories in the indicated path

A

cp -r

cp -R

173
Q

cp

update copies only if the original is newer than the existing file or create destination file if it does not exist

A

cp -u

174
Q

cp

do not include any files/directories from other filesystems (network shares)

A

cp -x

175
Q

mv

check to see whether the destination already exists and will prompt overwrite

A

mv -i

176
Q

mv

do not overwrite the destination file or directory if it is newer than the original

A

mv -u

177
Q

mv

do not prompt for directory entry change (often default)

A

mv -f

178
Q

dd

used as an input
image file like .img or .iso
device like /dev/sr0

A

dd if =[image file or device]

179
Q

rm

recursively removes files (and subdirectories if target is directory)

A

rm -r

180
Q

rm

do not prompt for confirmation on deletion

A

rm -f

181
Q

rm

prompt for EVERY file/directory to be removed

A

rm -i

182
Q

find

where to begin the search

A

find [starting path]

183
Q

find

what type of thing to find

A

find -[options]

184
Q

find

what you are trying to find
filename
directory
globbed name

A

find [value(s)]

185
Q

tar

create archive

A

tar -c

required

186
Q

tar

display contents of archive

A

tar -t

required

187
Q

tar

extract the contents of the archive

A

tar -x

required

188
Q

tar

name of the file to create

A

tar -f

189
Q

tar

compress/uncompress with bzip2 - not always available by default but is the best compression method)

A

tar -j

190
Q

tar

compress/uncompress with gzip (available by default and is most commonly used compression method)

A

tar -z

191
Q

tar

verbose messages (this output approximates the output of ls -al as the archive is being created/unarchived/viewed

A

tar -v

192
Q

cpio

runs in copy-out mode by default to stdio or screen

A

cpio -o

cpio –create

193
Q

cpio

creates the indicated file instead of using standard output

A

cpio -O [archivefile]

194
Q

cpio

make leading directories if needed

A

cpio -d

cpio –make-directories

195
Q

cpio

extracts the content in copy-in mode by default to stdio or the screen

A

cpio -i

cpio –extract

196
Q

cpio

use the archive file indicated rather than standard input form a command or redirected file

A

cpio -I [archivfile]

197
Q

cpio

verbose message

A

cpio -v

198
Q

gzip or gzip2

recursive includes all files and directores

A

gzip -r

199
Q

xz

compress file indicated

A

xz -z

xz –compress

200
Q

xz

decompresses the file indicated

A

xz -d

xz – uncompress

xz –decompress