Command and Switches Flashcards
1
Q
lscpu
display offline and online CPUS
A
-a | –all
2
Q
lscpu
only online CPU info
A
-b | –online
3
Q
lscpu
only offline CPU info
A
-c | –offline
4
Q
lscpu
display the info in a more readable format
A
-e | –extended = [list]
5
Q
lscpu
column(s) to include (default is all - examples include ‘cpu’ or ‘node’)
A
[list]
6
Q
lscpu
provide info displayed in a comma delimeted form used for logging - used by other apps for reporting
A
-p | –parse
7
Q
lscpi
controls the level of verbosity of the info displayed
A
-v | -vv | -vvv
the second value is v v. not w
8
Q
lscpi
displays the PCI info in a parseable format
A
-m | -mm
9
Q
lspci
nicely formatted listing of PCI h/w on system
A
-vmm
10
Q
lspci
displays a tree view of the PCI devices on the system (just device slot/port
A
-t
11
Q
lspci
associate the device names with the IDs in a tree view
A
-tvmm
12
Q
lsscsi
output is the same as running cat /proc/sci/scsi
A
-c | –classic
13
Q
lsscsi
provides additional ‘major/minor’ device numbers behind each detected device
A
-d | –device
14
Q
lsscsi
generice scsi device file name (sg)
A
-g | –generic
15
Q
lsscsi
additional info for each device
A
-l | –long
16
Q
lsscsi
print disk size in more readable format
A
-s | –size
17
Q
lsscsi
controls level of verbosity
A
-v | -vv | -vvv
v v not w
18
Q
lsusb
shows specified bus and device number info
A
-s [bus][:][device #]
19
Q
lsusb
show only devices with indicated vendore and product ID in hex format
A
-d [vendor]:[product #]
20
Q
lsusb
only this user can issue the
-D [device]
A
root
21
Q
lsusb
displays hierarch in tree view
A
-t
22
Q
lsusb
verbose device output
A
-v
23
Q
lsblk
list empty devices as well - turned off by default
A
-a | –all
24
Q
lsblk
print only top level device information
A
-d | –nodeps
25
lsblk
exclude the indicated devices - comma separated
-e | --exclude
26
lsblk
include info on filesystems
-f | --fs
27
lsblk
use ASCII characters for tree view
-i | --ascii
28
lsblk
output list format
-l | --list
29
lsblk
tree view of disk devices and partitions
shutdown -t
30
sysvinit: shutdown
will halt the system - shut it down
shutdown -h
31
sysvinit: shutdown
reboot the system
shutdown -r
32
sysvinit: shutdown
power off (if ACPI is available)
shutdown -P
33
sysvinit: shutdown
cancels shutdown
shutdown -c
34
sysvinit: shutdown
broadcasts wall message to logged in users
shutdown -k [message]
35
sysvinit: shutdown
indicates when the shutdown takes place in sec, min, specific time or now
shutdown [option]
36
sysvinit: halt
does not shutdown only halts
halt -f
halt --force
37
sysvinit: halt
power off after shutdown if ACPI available
halt -p
halt --poweroff
38
sysvinit: halt
only LOGS the shutdown but does actually do the shutdown or reboot
halt -w
halt --wtmp-only
39
sysvinit: halt
displays more information for troubleshooting
halt --verbose
40
GRUB - Legacy: Key Setting
determines the menu option that will be started if nothing else is chosen
grub default=[#]
41
GRUB - Legacy: Key Setting
the amount of time in seconds that you have to choose another option
grub timeout=[#]
42
GRUB - Legacy: sections (menu list entries)
text based description of menu entry
grub title [description]
43
GRUB - Legacy: sections (menu list entries)
the hard drive device number and partition of the root drive where the kernel is
grub root[(hd#,#)]
44
GRUB - Legacy: sections (menu list entries)
kernel
path
read options
label
options passed to it on system start
grub kernel[/boot/vmlinux-# options root=LABEL=/ options]
45
GRUB - Legacy: sections (menu list entries)
path to the initial RAM disk image for the chosen menu entry
grub initrd [/boot/initrd#.img]
46
GRUB - Legacy: sections (menu list entries)
menu list is edited with this during boot loader display
grub e
47
GRUB - Legacy: sections (menu list entries)
Grub command line can be accessed with this at menu
grub c
48
GRUB - Lecacy: reinstall
device can be identified by drive path
/dev/hda
/dev/hd0
grub-install [device]
49
GRUB - Legacy
application that will show the GRUB command prompt to explore the environment (finding primary device path and number)
grub
50
GRUB2
used to generate GRUB config file
grub2-mkconfig
sometimes grub-mkconfig
51
GRUB2
output to the specified location and file
grub2 -o [/path/grub.cfg]
52
GRUB2
installs GRUB2 to the indicated location
drive master boot record
full path
grub2-install
53
apt-get
read remote repository package listing (refresh)
apt-get update
54
apt-get
upgrade the existing system and installed software with any new versions reported as available in configured repositories
apt-get upgrade
55
apt-get
install indicated package (not .deb file general pkg name) as well as all its dependencies
apt-get install [packagename]
56
apt-get
upgrades all packages on the system one time to the next available version of Ubuntu/Debian in repositories
apt-get dist-upgrade
57
apt-get
removes the package's files but any config files and directories will be left alone
apt-get remove [packagename]
58
apt-get
removes package(s) files AND any config files and directories associated with it
apt-get purge [packagename]
59
apt-get
will only download the .deb package and place it in /var/cache/apt/archives
apt-get -d [packagename]
apt-get --download-only [packagename]
60
apt-cache
search for packages matching the indicated value
apt-cache search [value]
61
apt-cache
show available info about the indicated package
apt-cache show [packagename]
62
apt-cache
additional tech info about package dependencies and services
apt-cache showpkg [packagename]
63
dpkg
will display package contents
dpkg --info [packagename]
64
dpkg
an abbreviated display of the --info option
dpkg --status [packagename]
65
dpkg
will install the indicated package name on the system
dpkg -i [packagename]
dpkg --install [packagename]
66
dpkg
removes the package(s) files but any config files and directories will be left alone
dpkg -r [packagename]
dpkg --remove [packagename]
67
dpkg
removes the package(s) files AND any config files and directories associated with it
dpkg -P [packagename]
dpkg --purge [packagename]
68
dpkg
list all files that were installed with the indicated package
dpkg -L [packagename]
dpkg --listfile [packagename]
69
dpkg
search for indicated installed file within the package database for all mentions of the indicated file or string
dpkg -S [filename]
dpkg --search [filename]
70
dpkg
allows you to force the removal of a package marked as requiring install
dpkg --force-reinstreq [packagename]
71
dpkg
used with -i or --install to force the install of a package with conflicting dependencies
**could result in unusable state**
dpkg --force-conflicts [packagename]
72
dpkg
some apps will include a tool for configuring the app during install
mail servers
database
servers
if you need to rerun that config tool for a package you can do it with this command
dpkg-reconfigure [packagename]
73
YUM
will read the configured repositories and local cache and upgrade all installed system apps
does NOT do distribution version upgrade
yum update
yum upgrade
74
YUM
enable a disabled repo for the current transaction only
yum --enablerepo [reponame]
75
YUM
installs the package along with all required dependencies
yum install [packagename]
76
YUM
when added to install will download the indicated package
yum --downloadonly
directory the package downloaded to
/var/cache/yum/[architecture]/[version]/base/packages
77
YUM
removes package and does NOT remove previously installed dependencies
yum remove [packagename]
78
YUM
remove unused dependencies
yum autoremove
79
YUM
added to any yum transaction will skip the affirmation step
yum -y
80
yumdownloader
download only source RPM
yumdownloader --source
81
yumdownloader
display the URL of files without downloading
yumdownloader --urls
82
yumdownloader
allows you to indicate the directory to store the package download
yumdownloader --destdir
83
yumdownloader
includes any dependencies
yumdlownloader --resolve
84
rpm
rebuilds the local RPM database in the /var/lib/rpm directory and only root can do this using sudo
rpm --rebuilddb
85
rpm
install
removal
query
accomplished by long or short
package names
86
rpm
shows all packages meeting the indicated values that are installed
rpm -q [long/short packagname]
87
rpm
detailed info about indicated values that are installed
rpm -qi [long/short packagname]
88
rpm
listing of all files installed with package
rpm -ql [long/short packagname]
89
rpm
show the appropriate details about a file NOT installed as named
rpm -qip
rpm-qlp [package.rpm]
90
rpm
display changelog for indicated package and must be used with -q
rpm --changelog [long/short packagename]
91
rpm
display all config files for the indicated package
rpm -qc [long/short packagename]
92
rpm
show req of indicated rpm files
rpm -qRp [package.rpm]
93
rpm
show package that indicated file dependency belongs to
rpm -qf [/path/of/file/to/check]
94
rpm
validate using package checksums for indicated package
result of 'NOT OK' could mean problem but it might just mean the signature key needs to be imported
rpm -K
rpm --checksig [package.rpm]
95
rpm
import the indicated keyfile from the package maintainer, renun the validation command once the key is installed
rpm -i
rpm --install [package.rpm]
96
rpm
during activity, print a 'status" bar using hash '#' character used in conjunction with other options
rpm -h
rpm --hash [package.rpm]
ie rpm -ivh telnet-0.17-60.el6.x86_64.rpm will install the indicated package with hash status under the command in verbose mode
97
rpm
option added during install or removal to force install/removal even if there are conflicts with existing files or packages
rpm --force
98
rpm
option added during install that replaces duplicate files
rpm --replacefiles
99
rpm
option added during install or removal to force the instal/removal of package without the indicated dependencies
this can make system unuseable
rpm --nodeps
99
rpm
verify integrity of package will compare current install and config to default install and config
rpm -V [long/short packagename]
100
rpm
verify ALL installed packages on the system
rpm -Va
101
rpm
verify ALL installed package config files on the system and captured for later comparison
rpm -Vac
102
rpm
install or upgrade the indicated package name while removing previous versions if they exist
rpm -U
103
rpm
win ONLY upgrade the indicated package if it is already installed, if not installed nothing will be done
rpm -F
rpm --upgrade [packagename]
104
rpm
erases the indicated package name
rpm -e
rpm --erase [short/long packagename]
NOTE: if short name is used and multiple matches for that short name are found, an error
will be displayed and the long name must be used OR --allmatches must be added to the
command (CAUTION
105
set
turns option on
set -o [option]
106
set
turns option OFF
set +o [option]
107
sort
output a default sort of each line - top to bottom on the screen
sort [filename]
108
sort
perform the sort at start of the second delimited field
sort -k[#] [filename]
109
sort
sort file numerically paying attention to the entire number not just column 0
sort -n [filename]
110
nl
will number all lines with data - default
nl [filename]
111
nl
will number all lines even if line is empty
nl -ba [filename]
112
wc
number of lines
wc -l
113
wc
number of words
wc -w
114
wc
number of characters (bytes)
wc -c
115
expand
converts tabs to # of spaces indicated
expand -t
expand --tabs=[#]
116
cut
display only column or range of columns from the indicated file name
cut -c [#] [-#] [filename]
117
cut
sets the delimiter to use when dealing with fields
default - TAB
cut -d[delimiter]
118
cut
identify field numbers (id's by delimiter) to display from indicated filename
cut -f [field1[,field2[,field3]]] [filename]
119
join
uses the indicated character as the field separator (delimiter)
joing -t [character]
120
uniq
print ONLY the unique lines in the file
-u [filename]
121
uniq
print an example of each line that is duplicated in a file
-d [filename]
122
uniq
to print ALL instances of duplicate lines in a file
-D [filename]
123
head
display n number of lines beginning at the bottom of indicated file
head -n [#] [filename]
124
tail
display indicated file (default last 10 entries) but will then follow the files output adding additional values to the display as they are written
tail -f [filename]
125
split
when the split files are created named them x#
split -a [#]
126
split
new files contain the indicacted number of bytes/kilobytes/megabytes
split -b [#] [b/k/m]
127
split
new files contain the indicated number of lines of bytes
split - [#]
128
split
new files contain indicated number of lines
split -l [#]
129
od
display named binary file
od -a
130
od
decimal format
od -d
131
od
floating point format
od -f
132
od
octal format
od -o
133
od
hexadecimal format
od -x
134
pr
format text data in a file into the indicated number of columns for printing
pr --columns=[#]
135
pr
print columns across instead of down and used in conjunction with --columns
pr -a
pr --across
136
pr
double space the line output
pr -d
pr --double-space
137
pr
customize the header text replacing the filename with the indicated text
pr -h
pr --header=[text]
138
pr
omits header from output
pr -t
pr --omit-header
139
fmt
desired width to break each line at
fmt -[#]
140
fmt
split long lines over 50 chars without filling
fmt -s
141
sed
most commonly used basic option that substitutes what comes next
sed s/
142
sed
the values to search for in the stream
sed [value(s)]/
143
sed
values to replace first value(s) with
sed [values(s)]/
144
sed
when the command is ended with
replaces ALL instances of the first value with the second, if omitted, will only replace first occurrence of first value with second
sed g
145
sed
used to chain multiple filters together instead of the ; character
sed -e
146
sed
can use a file containing multiple lines of options to perform on the indicated filename
sed -f [scriptlistfile] [filename]
sed treats the file as stream and outputs standard output it does not change the file itself
147
sed
display only the changed lines (instead of -g that shows all)
sed -pg
148
sed
suppresses the printing of 'pattern space' and can prevent lines from appearing multiples times in output
sed -n
or sed --quiet
149
sed
provide single list or range of line numbers to perform the substitution on
sed [#] [-/,] [#]
150
more
prompt
space -- continue
q -- quit
rather than CTL-C or q
more -d
151
more
specify the screen size in lines - default is 50 or the size of the terminal (if GUI terminal providing that info)
more -num [#]
152
more
clear the screen before starting the first screen display
more -p
153
ls
long listing containing
permissions
owner
size
date/time stamp
ls -l
154
ls
list files including hidden files
ls -a
155
ls
list just the directory without list the files init
ls -d
156
ls
display the inode numbers for the file or directory
ls -i
157
ls
add human readable format to filesizes and details
ls -h
158
cd
your home directory's tmp subdirectory
cd ~/tmp
159
cd
home directory of the tmp user
cd ~tmp
160
cd
reference to current directory
cd .
161
cd
moves up one directory
cd ..
162
mkdir
make all directories in indicated path if they do not already exist
mkdir -p
163
touch
sets the date/time as indicated for the file
touch -t [date] [filename]
date/time format - yyyymmddhhmm (y-year, m=month, d=day, h=hour, m=minute)
164
touch
applies the indicated date/time in the referencefile to the filename or multiple files
touch -r [referencefile] [filename]
used to define a starting point for files without having to remember the value
165
stat
display the file system status instead of file status
stat -f
stat --file-system
166
stat
display the info in terse (short) form
stat -t
167
cp
do not follow symbolic links - just copy the link
cp -d
168
cp
force overwrite if the file already exists in the destingation
cp -f
169
cp
ask before overwriting an existing file
cp -i
170
cp
create hard link to the original
cp -l
171
cp
create symbolic link to the original
cp -s
172
cp
recursively apply any options to other directories and subdirectories in the indicated path
cp -r
cp -R
173
cp
update copies only if the original is newer than the existing file or create destination file if it does not exist
cp -u
174
cp
do not include any files/directories from other filesystems (network shares)
cp -x
175
mv
check to see whether the destination already exists and will prompt overwrite
mv -i
176
mv
do not overwrite the destination file or directory if it is newer than the original
mv -u
177
mv
do not prompt for directory entry change (often default)
mv -f
178
dd
used as an input
image file like .img or .iso
device like /dev/sr0
dd if =[image file or device]
179
rm
recursively removes files (and subdirectories if target is directory)
rm -r
180
rm
do not prompt for confirmation on deletion
rm -f
181
rm
prompt for EVERY file/directory to be removed
rm -i
182
find
where to begin the search
find [starting path]
183
find
what type of thing to find
find -[options]
184
find
what you are trying to find
filename
directory
globbed name
find [value(s)]
185
tar
create archive
tar -c
required
186
tar
display contents of archive
tar -t
required
187
tar
extract the contents of the archive
tar -x
required
188
tar
name of the file to create
tar -f
189
tar
compress/uncompress with bzip2 - not always available by default but is the best compression method)
tar -j
190
tar
compress/uncompress with gzip (available by default and is most commonly used compression method)
tar -z
191
tar
verbose messages (this output approximates the output of ls -al as the archive is being created/unarchived/viewed
tar -v
192
cpio
runs in copy-out mode by default to stdio or screen
cpio -o
cpio --create
193
cpio
creates the indicated file instead of using standard output
cpio -O [archivefile]
194
cpio
make leading directories if needed
cpio -d
cpio --make-directories
195
cpio
extracts the content in copy-in mode by default to stdio or the screen
cpio -i
cpio --extract
196
cpio
use the archive file indicated rather than standard input form a command or redirected file
cpio -I [archivfile]
197
cpio
verbose message
cpio -v
198
gzip or gzip2
recursive includes all files and directores
gzip -r
199
xz
compress file indicated
xz -z
xz --compress
200
xz
decompresses the file indicated
xz -d
xz -- uncompress
xz --decompress
