104.7 Find System Files and Place Files in Correct Location

Question 1

Filesystem Hierarch Standard (FHS)

defines directory structure and contents in Unix-like OS

Answer 1

FHS

Question 2

FHS

standard maintained by Linux Foundation and as of March 2017 is on version

Answer 2

3.0

Question 3

FHS

most distributions voluntarily choose to follow it and remain in compliance as updates are released

Answer 3

however some distributions deviate slightly

Question 4

Directory Structure

The primary specification is that all files and directories appear under the ‘root’ directory (/),
even if stored on different physical or virtual devices (although some directories do not have to
exist at all if the dependent subsystems do not exist, such as X Windows)

Answer 4

Directory Structure

Question 5

Directory Structure

root and root directory in FHS

Answer 5

/

Question 6

Directory Structure

command binaries intended for all users and must be available in single user mode

Answer 6

/bin

Question 7

Directory Structure

boot loader files (kernel, initrd, etc)

Answer 7

/boot

Question 8

Directory Structure

Device files

Answer 8

/dev

Question 9

Directory Structure

Host-specific config files - no binaries

Answer 9

/etc

Question 10

Directory Structure

config files for packages stored in /opt

Answer 10

/etc/opt

Question 11

Directory Structure

config files for software that processes SGML

Answer 11

/etc/sgml

Question 12

Directory Structure

config files for X Windows

Answer 12

/etc/X11

Question 13

Directory Structure

config files for software that processes XML

Answer 13

/etc/XML

Question 14

Directory Structure

users home directory

Answer 14

/home

Question 15

Directory Structure

libaries essential for binaries in /bin and /sbin

Answer 15

/lib

Question 16

Directory Structure

alt format libraries - 64 bit

Answer 16

/lib[qual]

Question 17

Directory Structure

mount point(s) for removable media - CD DVD

Answer 17

/media

Question 18

Directory Structure

temp mounted files

Answer 18

/mnt

Question 19

Directory Structure

options app s/w often 3rd party

Answer 19

/opt

Question 20

Directory Structure

virtual filesystem providing process and kernel info as files and corresponds to procfs

Answer 20

/proc

Question 21

Directory Structure

root user home directory

Answer 21

/root

Question 22

Directory Structure

run-time var data and info about the running system since last boot

Answer 22

/run

Question 23

Directory Structure

essential system binaries

Answer 23

/sbin

Question 24

Directory Structure

site specific data server by the local system

Answer 24

/srv

Question 25

Directory Structure contains info about connected devices

Answer 25

/sys

Question 26

Directory Structure temp files not preserved between rboots

Answer 26

/tmp

Question 27

Directory Structure secondary hierarchy for read-only user data

Answer 27

/usr

Question 28

Directory Structure Non-essential command binaries for all users

Answer 28

/usr/bin

Question 29

Directory Structure Standard include files (C/C++ .h files ie)

Answer 29

/usr/include

Question 30

Directory Structure libraries for binaries in /usr/bin and /usr/sbin

Answer 30

/usr/lib

Question 31

Directory Structure alt format libraries - 64 bit

Answer 31

/usr/lib[qual]

Question 32

Directory Structure tertiary hierarchy for local data, specific to host

Answer 32

/usr/local

Question 33

Directory Structure non-essential system binaries

Answer 33

/usr/sbin

Question 34

Directory Structure architecture independent shared data

Answer 34

/usr/share

Question 35

Directory Structure source code - kernel

Answer 35

/usr/src

Question 36

Directory Structure older X Windows config - optional

Answer 36

/usr/X11R6

Question 37

Directory Structure var files whos content is expected to change during normal system use and operation

Answer 37

/var

Question 38

Directory Structure app cache data used as a result of time-consuming I/O or calculations and can be deleted without data loss

Answer 38

/var/cache

Question 39

Directory Structure state information

Answer 39

/var/lib

Question 40

Directory Structure lock files that keep track of resources in use

Answer 40

/var/lock

Question 41

Directory Structure log files

Answer 41

/var/log

Question 42

Directory Structure mailbox files

Answer 42

/var/mail

Question 43

Directory Structure var data from add-on packages stored in /opt

Answer 43

/var/opt

Question 44

Directory Structure run-time var data (replaced by run in 3.0)

Answer 44

/var/run

Question 45

Directory Structure spool for tasks waiting to be processed

Answer 45

/var/spool

Question 46

Directory Structure temp files to be preserved between resparts

Answer 46

/var/tmp

Question 47

Find find files by name returning results for the indicated string in any portion of the path or filename string exists in

Answer 47

locate important

Question 48

locate use regular expressions but often used to locate a known filename or partial name including

Answer 48

globbing

Question 49

locate ignore case on the file being searched for

Answer 49

locate -i [string]

Question 50

locate config file for updatedb command managing locate database and contains full or partial filenames and extensions to ignore or prunt from database updates

Answer 50

/etc/updatedb.conf

Question 51

which will locate which command - including path - will run if indicated command is run without absolute path provided and can be important if there are multiple potential versions of an app as this will display which path contains the program FIRST in the PATH var

Answer 51

which

Question 52

which display all matches in PATH in the order they would run/appear

Answer 52

which -a [command]

Question 53

wheris provides more info about a command than which only provides the first matching path for it

Answer 53

whereis name of command all locations in PATH associated man pages

Question 54

wheris searches for binaries

Answer 54

wheris -b

Question 55

whereis searches for manual entries in man pages

Answer 55

whereis -m

Question 56

whereis searches for sources

Answer 56

whereis -s

Question 57

whereis unusual or undocumented entries

Answer 57

whereis -u

Question 58

type will indicate whether a command has been extended

Answer 58

type

Question 59

type list all variants of indicated command

Answer 59

type -a

Question 60

find previously discussed the best method of finding files in the system

Answer 60

find

Question 61

find find matching files by indicating permission

Answer 61

find -perm -[####]