Comm Health Flashcards
Influenza
An acute, febrile respiratory infection manifestations with three subtypes
What’re minor changes to an influenza virus commonly called?
Antigenic drift
What’s the average influenza incubation period?
1-3 days
Which project did the AF institute in response to influenza?
Project Gargle
What’s the purpose of the Influenza Surveillance Program?
Identity new strains
Tuberculosis
Communicable disease that affects the lungs
What’s the causative pulmonary tuberculosis organism?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
How’s the tuberculosis spread or transmitted?
Inhaling droplet nuclei
What’s the three stages of tuberculosis?
Infection/dormancy/actile
What occurs during the dormant phase of tuberculosis?
Fatigue, weight loss, fever, chills, night sweats, loss of appetite and cough
What test is used to screen AF personnel for tuberculosis?
Mantoux
When do positive reactions to the Mantoux test occur?
48-72 hours after test
What does the acronym BCG stand for and what is it?
Bacille-Calmaye Guerin/ First live vaccine against TB
What’s the purpose of a BCG vaccination?
Prevent TB by introducing non-harmful infection
What’s the effect of a BCG vaccination on TSTs?
Positive ski test for about 10 years/ 10 years negative
What test is performed to confirm active TB?
Sputum Cultures
What Medication is used to prevent active TB?
INH
What’s the most serious side affect of INH?
Drug induced Hepatitis
What are two Of PH’s primary responsibilities for managing the TB detection and control program?
Educate and administration of programs
What’re the three different stages of Syphilis?
Primary, secondary and late
What’s the causative agent for syphilis?
Spirochete (Trepenoma Pallidum)
What’s the average incubation time for syphilis?
21 days
What’s the most effective method used to identify syphilis in the primary stage?
Dark field microscopy
What’s one of the most effective nontreponemal serological tests?
VDRL
What does FTA-ABS stand for and how is it used?
Fluorescent trepenomal antibody-absorption
What occurs during the early latent stage of Syphilis?
Secondary lesions, stage goes on for 4 years/ 75% asymptotic
What causes Gonorrhea?
Nesseria Gonorrhea
What’re symptoms associated with uncomplicated male genitalia gonorrhea?
Discharge, swollen, metaus ETC
What’s the term used to describe a gonorrhea infection of the Fallopian tubes?
Salpingitis
What’re the symptoms of oral or pharyngeal, gonorrhea?
Mild to server sore throat, fever or chills
What’s Gonorrhea septicemia and how does it develop?
Gonorrhea of blood stream
Develops when it leaves genital area/anal canal
Where are gram-negative diplococci found within a discharge sample in order to be defined as Gonorrhea?
Ultra-Cellular
What does a physician consider when deciding on a patients treatment for gonorrhea?
Acceptability, reliability, med effectiveness and side effects
When should a test of cure be performed for Gonorrhea patients?
If symptoms persist after treatment
What microorganisms cause Chlamydia?
Chlamydia Trachormitis
How’re chlamydia organisms like viruses? Like Bacteria?
Viruses-Grow intercellular divided by binary fissions
Bacteria- Contain RNA/DNA
On average, how long does the chlamydia organism take to incubate?
7-14 days or longer
Which two common conditions can infants develop from chlamydia exposure at birth?
Conjunctivitis/Pnemonia
What method is the standard test for identifying chlamydia in genital infections?
Tissue Cultures
When should a test of culture be performed for follow up treatment
Not recommended
What body parts are usually affected with an HSV2 infection?
Genitals
When can the herpes virus be shed?
During/after blisters are present
What’s the average incubation period of herpes?
6-7 days
What’re 4 causative agents for NGU?
Chlamydia, ureaplasma, HSV, vaginal
What’s the average incubation period for NGU?
2-3 weeks
What’s Vaginits?
Inflammation of the vagina
What’re the symptoms associated with vaginitis?
Heavily foul discharge, irritation, soreness, itchiness.
What’s LGV?
STD, lymphatic, system (affects both genders)
What usually happens if LGV isn’t tested within 30 days?
Lymph nodes in groin swell, forming painful bubo
Which three species of lice infect humans?
Head( Pediculosis)
Body(Corpis)
Crab(Pubis)
What three diseases maybe found with lice infestations?
Typhus fever
Trench fever
Relapsing fever
How do the HIV cells work?
Use enzyme called reverse transcriptase to copy viral genetic material from RNA-DNA
What cells in the immune response system does HIV kill?
T4 & Macrophanges/Monocytes
How can HIV be transmitted?
Injection, sexual contact and breast milk
Who are the HIV risk groups?
Heterosexuals
Homosexuals
Bi-Sexuals
Prostitutes
Which two diagnostic tests does the AF use to diagnose HIV?
Elisa/Western blot test
What provides the best method of protection against HIV for people who do not maintain a mutually monogamous sexual relationship?
Proper use of condom
What disease caused 60,000 casualties in 1942 during the war campaign in Guadalcanal?
Malaria
What two major diseases led to disbanding Merrill’s Marauders?
Malaria and Dysentry
What problem incapacitated the Allied and American units when they moved into an abandoned German war camp in North African Desert?
Poor sanitation caused fecal matter and garbage caused fly infestation.
What were the causes of losing over 13,000 people during the invasion of Sicily before and after the attack?
Malaria and sand fly fever
What are OOTWs?
Military actions conducted not associated with sustained large-scale combat operations
What’re some of the conditions that lead to OOTWs?
Peace building, peace enforcement, peacekeeping and humanitarian relief
What’s the incubation period for Hep A?
15-59 days, average of 28-30 days
How can Hep A be transmitted?
Containment Food, water, milk, meats, salads, raw/uncooked mollusic
What makes Hep A more severe than Hep B?
Effect on the body, anorexia, abdomen pain, discomfort, nausea and vomiting
What’s the incubation period for Hep B?
45-180 days, average 60-90
Which two tests are used to diagnose Hep B?
ELA and RIA
Which disease coexists with an infection of Hep D?
Hep B
What can people who have been exposed to Hep A be injected with as a prophylaxis measure?
Hep A vaccine (Immune Globulin)
What’s the prophylaxis for people exposed to Hep B?
Injection with HBIG within 1 week of exposure
What can lavatory workers, healthcare workers and blood bank workers be given to prevent Hep B infection?
HBV administered 3 series within 6 months
What’s the purpose of an STI interview?
Break chain of infection
What’re two keys to a successful interview?
Knowledge and controlling conversation
What supplies are recommended for an interview room?
Phone, diagrams, references, pics, forms, worksheets, calendar, map, tissues, phonebooks we
When a host is exposed to a ideas agent, what’re the three possible outcomes?
- No where to lodge
- No effect
- Great effect
What’re the three main modes of entry used by disease agents to enter the body?
Ingestion, Inhalation, Penetration
What’re the three parts to a chain of infection?
Source, mode of transmission, susceptible host
What may serve as a source of infection?
Person, animal, object, substance
What’re the two ways direct transmission can occur?
Direct contact/ droplet contact
What’re three ways indirect transmission can occur?
Vehicle-borne, vector-borne, direct transmission
What measures maybe used to break the chain of infection at each link?
Treatment, education, diagnosis, vaccines and meds
How many stages are there for human symptoms of rabies?
5
What’re the symptoms of the second stage of rabies?
Fever, headache, malaise, sore throat, cough and abdomen pain
Why’s the fourth stage of rabies?
Coma
The anti rabies immunizations are given before symptoms of what condition?
Encephalitis
What’re the responsibilities of the Army Vet in the Rabies Control Program?
Quarantine animal and info on the incident.
Which two immunizations are recommended for individuals who have been exposed to rabies?
HRIG/HDCV
What tissue in an animal is examined for rabies virus?
Brain tissue
