COMM-DIS 100 Study Set #3 (Anatomy)

Question 1

What is Anatomy?

Answer 1

study of the structures of the body and their relationship (what’s in the body)

Question 2

What is Physiology?

Answer 2

the study of the functions of organs and bodily structures (functions of the body)

Question 3

Respiratory System (Why do we breathe?)

Answer 3

• supply oxygen O2 (to live and function)
• remove CO2
• automatic (brainstem)
• speech (need air to articulate sounds through the vocal tract producing speech)

Question 4

Lungs

Answer 4

• The right tends to be larger than the left one
• 3 Lobes in Right 2 Lobes in left

Question 5

Diaphram

Answer 5

• Attached to lungs
• Breathing and Speaking

Question 6

Trachea

Answer 6

• Pathway for air to go into lungs
• Cartilage surrounding to protect windpipe

Question 7

Bronchi

Answer 7

Pathways that lead into the lungs provide oxygen

Question 8

Inspiration

Answer 8

inhaling (sucking air in)

Question 9

Expiration

Answer 9

exhaling (blowing air out)

Question 10

Respiratory Cycle

Answer 10

1x inhalation 1x exhalation and 1x exhalation (breathe in, breath out)

Question 11

Phonatory System

Answer 11

• Larynx/ “voicebox” (phonation means voicing)
• Connects pharynx + trachea (pharynx is located above the windpipe)
• Prevents foreign objects from entering the lungs (prevents food from going the wrong way)
• Contains the vocal folds (adduct for phonation) ~ vocal folds help sounds to make our voice

Question 12

Pitch

Answer 12

the size of vocal folds determines pitch (long vocal folds = deeper voice shorter vocal folds = higher voice

Question 13

What is a part of the Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 13

• Brain
• Spinal Cord

Question 14

What is a part of the Peripheral Nervous System? (PNS)

Answer 14

• Cranial Nerves (CN)
• Spinal Nerves (31)

Question 15

AUTONOMIC

Answer 15

• Regulates involuntary processes
• Ex. heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, etc.)

Question 16

SOMATIC

Answer 16

• Relays info to the brain (smell, touch, sound, etc.)
• Allows movement/ muscle control (voluntary movement)

Question 17

Nervous System

Answer 17

• Helps all body parts communicate with each other
• Uses electric and chemical means
• neurons/nerve cells = building blocks
• brain: 100 million neurons

Question 18

Anatomy of Neuron

Answer 18

(Image)

Question 19

Neuron Communication

Answer 19

(Image)

Question 20

Brain

Answer 20

• cerebrum = largest portion (incl. left/right hemisphere)
• cerebral Cortex = outer layer of the cerebrum (2-3mm)
• gray Matter = cell bodies
• white Matter = axons
• cerebral Hemispheres (Left + Right)
• similar but different
• hemispheric specialization
• communicate via the corpus callosum
• 80% language = left-lateralized
• 1.5kg (3lbs)
• 15-20% of the body’s blood supply
• You use more than 10% of your brain
• Fully formed ~ age 25

Question 21

Corpus Callosum

Answer 21

• 10 cm
• 200 million axons

Question 22

Human Brain Anatomy

Answer 22

(look at image)

Question 23

Primary Motor Cortex

Answer 23

• Controls the body movements
• In both
  hemispheres
• Controls
  opposite side of your body
• In frontal lobe

Question 24

Primary Auditory Cortex

Answer 24

• Receives sound signals
• Temporal lobe
• Both
  hemispheres

Question 25

Broca’s Area

Answer 25

• spoken language production

Question 26

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 26

(spoken language comprehension)