COMM 110 Quiz 2 Flashcards
Empirical facts: What are they?
- Empirical facts: data verifiable by observation
Established facts: What are they?
- Established facts: data verified consistently by many observers
Enumeration: What is it?
○ Enumeration
§ Round your numbers up or down
Compare numbers to something in your listeners experience
Mean: what is it?
○ Mean: the average of a group of numbers
Median: What is it?
○ Median: the middle number in a set of ranked numbers
Mode: what is it?
○ Mode: the number that appears more often in a set of numbers
Liberal images vs Metaphorical images: What are they?
Liberal images: show the actual subject
Metaphorical images: imply the subject
What are the 6 patterns of organization?
- Consider traditional patterns of organization
○ Chronological
○ Spatial
○ Cause-effect or causal
○ Problem-solution
○ Pro-con
- Topical
Spatial organization pattern: What is it?
○ Spatial: Arranges points by place or location
Topical organization pattern: What is it?
○ Topical: makes each point a subtopic of the subject
Connectives
- Connectives: words, phrases, and sentences that lead from one idea to another and tie the speech together
Signposts: What are they?
- Signposts: signal the audience about what’s ahead in a speech
○ First, next, finally, in addition, for example
Transitions (What are they?)
- Transitions: summarize what you’ve covered and where you’ll go next
○ Now that we’ve seen x lets look at y
Internal preview (What is it?)
- Internal preview: brief in speech summary that foretells the subpoints you’ll develop under a main point
Internal summary (What is it?)
- Internal summary: restating a point after you make it
The wave pattern (What is it?)
- The wave pattern
○ Repeats and varies themes and ideas
I have a dream speech
The spiral pattern (What is it?)
○ The spiral pattern
§ Shows points that increase in magnitude or effect
The star pattern (What is it?)
- The star pattern
○ Each point is more or less equally weighted
What two things does an outline accomplish?
○ To show the speeches structural elements
§ Introduction body conclusion
○ To show the speeches logical elements
§ Major ideas supporting details and the relationships to one another
What are the 5 steps to an alternative pattern?
How to create an alternative pattern and sketch the diagram
1. Select an appropriate pattern and sketch the diagram
2. With your pattern in mind, write out your main points
3. Put developmental material under the main point it supports
4. Write out key transition statements
5. Use indentation and numbering only if its helpful
Expository speech (What is it?)
○ Expository speech (“speech to teach”) explains an idea in detail
What is denotative meaning?
The main meaning of a word without its ideas or feelings applied to it
What is connotative meaning?
The feelings or thoughts associated with a word
What is an indirect method?
making observations of a group
What are situational issues?
Issues with the speaking environment or time your speech takes place.
Coordination and subordination (What is it?)
The process of giving each point the same weight and proceeding that way
Alteration and indentation (What is it?)
The process of giving points different weights and only having a few that are equal weight.
Discourse consistency (What is it?)
Using a repetitive style of main points throughout the speech
