Comm - 02. Paragraph Development

Question 1

When everything relates to a single or controlling idea. When all sentences support the topic sentence.

Answer 1

Paragraph Unity

Question 2

Addressing only one idea per paragraph.

Answer 2

One Horse, One Rider

Question 3

Summarize the paragraph, introduce the main idea of the paragraph, and set the mood and catch the reader’s interest. Can occur anywhere in the paragraph but usually found at the beginning.

Answer 3

Topic Sentences

Question 4

Usually prompt a question when you read them.

Answer 4

Topic Sentences

Question 5

Clarify, describe, prove, or explain the topic sentence. They advance the thought of the topic sentence and should be logically sequenced.

Answer 5

Supporting Sentences

Question 6

Types of Supporting Sentences

Answer 6

Major and Minor

Question 7

Should define, explain, or add proof to the topic sentence - they directly support the topic sentence.

Answer 7

Major Supporting Sentence

Question 8

Should define, explain, or add proof to the major sentence - it supports the major support sentence. Not always part of a paragraph, but usually.

Answer 8

Minor Supporting Sentence

Question 9

Rephrase the topic sentence, summarize the material in the paragraph, and transition to the next paragraph.

Answer 9

Closing Sentence

Question 10

Review Question on Slide 14

Answer 10

Review Question on Slide 14

Question 11

Allows your reader to see relationships between sentences.

Answer 11

Coherence

Question 12

Ways to Achieve Paragraph Coherence

Answer 12

• Using pronouns
• Repeating key terms and ideas
• Connecting words and phrases
• Maintaining consistency in verbs, pronouns, and voice

Question 13

Can be very effective transitional devices. Words like he, she, it, those, and this can be used to refer to ideas in previous sentences or paragraphs, maintaining continuity in your writing.

Answer 13

Pronouns

Question 14

Help your reader move smoothly from sentence to sentence without losing the key idea.

Answer 14

Repeating Key Words and Ideas

Question 15

A transitional device that shows relationships between the ideas in your sentences and paragraphs. Ex: first, next, also, therefore

Answer 15

Connectives

Question 16

Words that can be used to connect thoughts. Ex: and, then, also, besides, furthermore, likewise, additionally, moreover, first, second, next, both, etc.

Answer 16

Additions

Question 17

Words that can be used to introduce or connect ideas that conflict or contrast with the information that proceeds them. Ex: but, still, however,, yet, nevertheless, etc.

Answer 17

Contrasts

Question 18

To introduce or connect an ____________, you may want to use words that indicate choice. Ex: either… or, neither… nor, or, otherwise

Answer 18

Alternative Possibilities

Question 19

These words connect a ______ or consequence to the preceding statement. Ex: accordingly, hence, therefore, consequently, etc.

Answer 19

Results

Question 20

Pronouns that indicate the writer, the audience, or the thing written about.

Answer 20

Person

Question 21

The person writing. Ex: I or We

Answer 21

1st Person

Question 22

The person written to. Ex: You

Answer 22

2nd Person

Question 23

The person or thing written about. Ex: Him, her, them, it, he, she, they

Answer 23

3rd Person

Question 24

Verbs change form to show the time of their actions, or the time of the ideas they express.

Answer 24

Verb Tense

Question 25

The property of a verb that shows whether the subject acts is or acted upon.

Answer 25

Voice

Question 26

Sentences that are grammatically correct but can be more effective if written actively. Usually expresses an action performed upon the subject or expresses that the subject receives or is the result of the action. Usually some form of the verb “to be”.

Answer 26

Passive Voice

Question 27

Expresses an action performed by its subject.

Answer 27

Active Voice

Question 28

Passive vs. Active Voice: The dog was seen by John.

Answer 28

Passive Voice

Question 29

Passive vs. Active Voice: John saw the dog.

Answer 29

Active Voice

Question 30

Passive vs. Active Voice: The book was read by me.

Answer 30

Passive Voice

Question 31

Passive vs. Active Voice: I read the book.

Answer 31

Active Voice

Question 32

The key to avoiding problems in ____________ is to identify the subject of a sentence and determine whether it is plural or single. If the verb ends in an “s”, it’s singular. If it doesn’t, it’s plural.

Answer 32

Subject-Verb Agreement

Question 33

Singular Words Needing Singular Verbs

Answer 33

each, either, neither, one, no one, everyone, anyone, someone, anybody, somebody, everybody

Question 34

Plural Words Needing Plural Verbs

Answer 34

several, many, few, both

Question 35

Either Plural or Singular

Answer 35

depending on the meaning of the sentence: some, any, none, all, most

Question 36

The word of phrase to which the pronoun refers

Answer 36

Antecedent

Question 37

Problems occur when the antecedent and pronoun disagree. Both antecedent and pronoun must be singular or plural.

Answer 37

Pronoun Reference

Question 38

Careless use of pronouns can lead to confusion as to what they are referring. Ex: The boys wore hats to their classes which the principal disapproved of. Did the principal disapprove of the hats or the classes?

Answer 38

Ambiguous Pronoun Reference

Question 39

Occurs when everything in the paragraph sticks to one idea - the idea in the topic sentence.

Answer 39

Paragraph Unity

Question 40

Allows the idea to flow smoothly from beginning to end by using transitions and maintaining a consistent point of view.

Answer 40

Coherence

Question 41

Review Questions on Slide 36 and 37.

Answer 41

Review Questions on Slide 36 and 37.

Question 42

_____ and phrases such as first, next, also, and therefore show the relationship of one sentence to another and help the reader know when you are moving to a new point or idea.

Answer 42

Connecting Words