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gcse > combined science - bio > Flashcards

combined science - bio Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a stem cell ?

A

A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell. This means that it has not yet specialised,

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2
Q

Mitochondria

A

Mitochondria are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place

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3
Q

explain how a nerve cell is adapted to carry out it’s specialized function.

A
  • a nerve cell is long to cover more distance.
  • has branched connections at its ends to connect to other nerve cells.
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4
Q

what the role of a nucleus

A

The nucleus contains the genetic material that controls the activities of the cell

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5
Q

what’s a tissue

A

A collection of similar cells that work together.

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6
Q

where is bile produced and stored

A
  • A Bile is produced in the liver
  • stored in the gall bladder.
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7
Q

Benign meaning

A

Benign means that something is not harmful or not cancerous.

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8
Q

which type of tumour is cancerous

A

Malignant because it means that something is cancerous or harmful.

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9
Q

what colour is iodine solution in the presence of starch ?

A

Iodine solution turns blue-black in the presence of starch.

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10
Q

what’s the function of palisade mesophyll tissue ?

A

The function of palisade mesophyll tissue is where photosynthesis happens.

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11
Q

what is the role of protease enzymes ?

A

Protease enzymes catalyse the breakdown of proteins into amino acids

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12
Q

Describe the function of phloem tissue.

A

Phloem tissue transports (dissolved) sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant

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13
Q

Give three components of blood that are carried in the blood plasma.

A

red blood cells / white blood cells / platelets

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14
Q

Protease enzymes catalyse the breakdown of proteins into amino acids describe what happens to an enzyme if the temperature is too high

A

Some of the bonds holding the enzyme together break /1 mark]. This changes the shape of the enzyme’s active site [1 mark]. As the enzyme’s active site is essential to its function, it won’t work anymore

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15
Q

when breathing in, which structure(s) does air enter first ?

A

trachea

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16
Q

why is the shape of an enzyme important for its function ?

A

So that it fits the substance involved in the reaction it is catalysing

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17
Q

What artificial device can be used to keep arteries open and blood flowing?

A

A stent can be used to keep arteries open and blood flowing.

18
Q

what is the function of a white blood cell ?

A

White blood cells fight infections by attacking and destroying harmful bacteria, viruses

19
Q

what is the name of the cell that controls the opening and closing of stomata ?

A

guard cell.

20
Q

what would you use to test for the presence of protein

A

Biuret reagent

21
Q

give one advantage of using an artificial heart rather than transplanting a natural one.

A

An artificial heart can reduce the risk of organ rejection and the need for immunosuppressants.

22
Q

give one risk factor that can increase a persons chance of developing liver disease.

A

Heavy alcohol consumption can increase the risk of developing liver disease.

23
Q

describe what a benign tumour is

A

A benign tumor is a type of abnormal growth that does not spread to other parts of the body.

24
Q

explain how increasing air movement around a plant’s leaves would affect the rate of transpiration

A

Increasing air movement around a plant’s leaves would increase the rate of transpiration.

25
Q

what is the first stage of testing a new medicinal drug ?

A

The first stage of testing a new medicinal drug is preclinical testing in a laboratory.

26
Q

what’s a microorganism that causes disease called ?

A

A microorganism that causes disease is called a pathogen.

27
Q

what drug was developed by Alexander Fleming

A

Alexander Fleming developed the drug penicillin.

28
Q

can antibiotics kill viruses?

A

No, antibiotics cannot kill viruses.

29
Q

how does the body help defend the body against pathogens ?

A

The body helps defend itself against pathogens by using immune cells and antibodies.

30
Q

which type of pathogens causes rose black spot on leaves ?

A
31
Q

Gonorrhoea is a disease caused by

A

The pathogen that causes rose black spot on leaves is a fungus.

32
Q

which type of drug are used to control HIV and how?

A
  • antiretroviral medicines
  • stops virus replicating in body
  • allows the immune system to repair itself and prevent further damage.
33
Q

what is HIV

A

a virus that can spread through sexual contact

34
Q

explain why the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) affects the growth of plants

A

TMV affects plant growth by causing cells to lose their shape and stunting plant growth.

35
Q

Explain how mosquito nets help to prevent the spread of malaria

A

Mosquito nets prevent the spread of malaria by keeping mosquitoes away from people while they sleep.

36
Q

explain how vaccination can protect against against a disease

A

Vaccines can protect against diseases by helping the body develop immunity to the disease.

37
Q

what is penicillin

A

Penicillin is an antibiotic that is used to treat bacterial infections.

38
Q

which disease in humans can be partially controlled by vaccinating poultry against the pathogen.

A

salmonella food poisoning

39
Q

what do white blood cells produce to help defend against pathogens ?

A

White blood cells produce antibodies to help defend against pathogens.

40
Q

how do viruses make you feel ill

A

the viruses live inside your cell and replicate themselves
the cell then bursts releasing all the viruses
this cell damage is what make you sock

41
Q

how does the nose help to defend the body against disease ?

A

The nose hair (mucus) helps defend the body by trapping pathogens in particles and filtering the air.

42
Q

what is the double-bind trial and why is it used in clinical trials ?

A

gcse (14 decks)

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