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QBank Qs > COMBANK Random 1 > Flashcards

COMBANK Random 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What ligament may be torn in an injury to the medial knee? What test finding will confirm this?

A
  • lateral collateral ligament

- varus stress test: abnormal passive adduction of the lower leg

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2
Q

How do you perform the varus stress test test?

A

the examiner places one hand on the medial knee and grasps the lateral ankle with the other hand and the lower leg is then adducted; pain and excessive laxity indicate injury to the LCL

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3
Q

What ligament may be torn in an injury to the lateral knee? What test finding will confirm this?

A
  • medial collateral ligament

- valgus stress test: abnormal passive abduction of the lower leg

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4
Q

How do you perform the valgus test?

A

the examiner places on hand on the lateral knee and grasps the medial ankle with the other hand and the lower leg is then abducted; pain and excessive laxity indicate injury to the LCL

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5
Q

What ligament prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia?

A

ACL

also prevents anterior displacement of tibia on femur

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6
Q

What ligament prevents anterior displacement of femur on tibia?

A

PCL

also prevents posterior displacement of tibia and femur

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7
Q

What nerve will be damaged with a fracture of the head and neck of the fibula?

A

common peroneal n.

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8
Q

What is supplied by the common peroneal n.

A

deep peroneal n.: anterior compartment of leg

superficial peroneal n.: lateral compartment of leg

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9
Q

What innervates extensor hallicis longus?

A

deep peroneal n.

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10
Q

Injury to what nerve can cause foot drop?

A

common peroneal n.

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11
Q

What are the 4 recommended treatments for a pregnant pt with gestational diabetes?

A

labetalol, hydralazine, nifedipine, or methyldopa

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12
Q

Why is nitroprusside contraindicated in pregnancy?

A

possibility of fetal cyanide poisoning

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13
Q

What physical finding of the breast is secondary to obstruction of the superficial subcuticular lymphatic vessels along with erythema and edema?

A

peau d’orange

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14
Q

What can cause extensive breast dimpling without erythema nor edema with invasive ductal carcinoma?

A

fibrosis of ligaments of cooper leading to contraction of ligaments

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15
Q

What is a proliferative breast condition without atypia with lesions that compress and distort ducts d/t increased acini and intralobular fibrosis?

A

Sclerosing adenosis

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16
Q

What is characterized by eczematous patches on the nipple that suggest underlying breast carcinoma, usually invasive ductal carcinoma?

A

Paget disease of the breast

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17
Q

What physical finding can be seen when a tumor invades the central region of the breast and in invasive breast cancer?

A

nipple inversion

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18
Q

What deficiency presents as fine fragile silvery hair, depigmentation of the skin, muscle weakness, neurological abnormalities, and hepatosplenomegaly?

A

copper deficiency

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19
Q

Why is copper deficiency associated with osteoporosis and skin depigmentation?

A

osteoporosis: defective collagen

skin depigmentation: dysfunctional melanin synthesis from Cu-dependent tyrosinase

20
Q

Why does consumption of raw eggs lead to biotin deficiency?

A

egg white contain a protein called avidin that combines tightly with biotin and prevents its absorption

21
Q

What vitamin deficiency results in depression, hallucinations, muscle pain, brittle hair, allpecia, dermatitis, enteritis, and erythematous perioral macular rash?

A

biotin

22
Q

What vitamin deficiency results in stomatitis, glossitis, cheilosis, irritability, confusion, microcytic hypochromic sideroblastic anemia and depression?

A

Pyridoxine (B6)

23
Q

What is an antioxidant and cofactor for glutathione peroxidase; where a deficiency results in dilated cardiomyopathy, muscle pain, and weakness?

A

Selenium

24
Q

What deficiency results in growth retardation, hypogonadism, infertility, dysgeusia, diarrhea, poor wound healing, and impaired cellular immunity?

A

Zinc

25
Q

What TB drug is associated with optic neuropathy and red-green color blindness? What is its MOA?

A

Ethambutol - prevents mycolic acid cell-wall synthesis

26
Q

What mycobacterial infection does Dapsone Tx? What are SE of Dapsone?

A

M. leprae

Se: dose-dependent hemolysis and methemoglobinemia

27
Q

What TB drug is associated with neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity?

A

Isoniazide

28
Q

What TB drug is associated with secretion of orange body fluids

A

Rifampin

29
Q

What TB drug is associated with ototoxicity?

A

Streptomycin

30
Q

What drug inhibits renal organic anion transporters and is responsible for prolonging the half-life of penicillins and anti-viral drugs?

A

Probenecid

31
Q

What drug inhibits dihydropeptidase I to decrease renal excretion of imipenem?

A

Cilastatin

32
Q

What is Winter’s formula used for and how do you calculate it?

A
  • appropriate respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis
  • PCO2 = [(HCO3-x1.5) + 8] +/- 2
33
Q

What syndrome is characterized by hemolytic anemia, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets in a pregnant pt? What is the cure?

A

HELLP - delivery of the etus

34
Q

What mineral toxicity includes loss of DTRs, respiratory paralysis, and coma?

A

Mg2+

35
Q

What should you always check when treating a pt with MgSO4?

A

deep tendon reflexes

36
Q

What is T-score and how is it used to define osteoporosis?

A

T-score is an indicator of bone density compared with a 30yo pt of the same sex.
Normal: -1 or greater
Osteopenia: -1 to -2.5
Osteoporosis: < -2.5

37
Q

What is Type IIa familial dyslipidemia and how does it manifest?

A

hypercholesterolemia: increased LDL and total cholesterol

38
Q

What is Type I familial dyslipidemia and how does it manifest?

A

hyperchylomicronemia: increased chylomicrons with increases in TG and cholesterol

39
Q

What is Type IIb dyslipidemia and how does it manifest?

A

Combined hyperlipidemia: increased LDL, VLDL, TGs, and cholesterol

40
Q

What is Type III familial dyslipidemia and how does it manifest?

A

Dysbetalipoproteinemia: increased IDL, VLDL, TG, and cholesterol

41
Q

What is Type V familial hyperlipidemia?

A

Mixed hypertriglyceridemia: increased VLDL, chylomicroins, TGs, and cholesterol

42
Q

What is the genetic basis of hypercholesterolemia?

A

genetic decrease of LDL receptors, causing failure to properly uptake cholesterol from the blood

43
Q

What is the genetic basis of hyperchylomicronemia?

A

lipoprotein lipase deficiency

44
Q

What is the genetic basis of combined hyperlipidemia?

A

hepatic overproduction of VLDL

45
Q

What is the genetic basis of dysbetalipoproteinemia?

A

altered apolipoprotein E

46
Q

What is the genetic basis of mixed hypertriglyceridemia?

A

increased production and decreased clearance of LDL and chylomicrons

QBank Qs (15 decks)

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