Com 201 Flashcards
Communication
The exchange of ideas using symbols that represent concrete and abstract ideas
Interpersonal communication
two or people communicating to each other using verbal and nonverbal cues
Communication process
Encodes a thought to send to the receiver, who decodes the thought and gives it meaning; Like a computer sending and receiving information
Norms
Behavioral standards that are implied
External noise
interference from influences outside of the communicators that makes it hard to be understood; A jet engine, or a light flickering;
Internal noise
Interference from inside the speaker; A speech impediment, or a migraine; does not block the message, but does make it challenging to understand
Psychological noise
Attitudes and/or beliefs that interferes with the speaker’s ability to speak; Speech apprehension, or a negative experience with someone
Physiological noise
When any aspect of the flesh causes the speaker to be less effective; hunger, tiredness, fatigue
Semantic noise
Interference that comes from language; inappropriate use of slang, heavy dialects; Typically caused by emotional reactions to use language
Linear model of communication
Assumes the process is complete once the sender pushes out their message for the receiver; No feedback
Interactive model of communication
Assumes the process is done when the receiver receives and understands the message; Does not allow for misunderstandings
Transactional model of communication
The most accurate model for communication; Both parties are continuously sending and receiving messages, are playing roles with each other that govern their messages, and all interactions have a past that is referenced, a present where it is used, and future when it can be used.
Intrapersonal communication
Communication with oneself; The constant stream of thoughts in your head that formulate into words. A conversation where you are both the sender and receiver.
Interpersonal communication
An interaction between two people. Noted as the most frequent interaction a student will have.
Small group communication
An interaction within a small group. Noted as the most important type of communication.
Public communication
An interaction where the amount of members are too many for more than one or two people to speak at a time. The audience sends nonverbal communication, but is unable to send verbal communication, so the speaker must connect and engage with the audience.
Culture
The shared expectations and perceptions of a group of people; It is learned differently depending on where a person was raised
Intercultural communication
Communication and interactions that ensure that participants understand even through cultural differences
Computer Mediated Communication (cmc)
The use of computer networks to exchange information and to facilitate interactive sharing of information; Are known for only having one channel of communication (text, emails, etc)
Lean medium channels
Channels that have minimal methods of communication, like cmc, where room for misinterpretation is high
Rich medium channels
Channels that have a lot of methods of communication, like in fact to face interactions, where there are many ways to communicate a message
Ethical communication
Characterized as telling the truth, and thinking about how the information shared will affect the people you are sharing it with.
Impromptu delivery
When a speaker is to present what they know about a topic without forewarning or time to prepare.
Manuscript delivery
When a speaker is presenting a topic word for word from a speech they wrote previously
Memorized delivery
When the speaker has previously memorized what they wrote, and is presenting it; It’s advised to memorize sections of the speech, particularly the beginning and end, as well as transitional phrases
Extemporaneous delivery
When a speaker prepares an outline, and presents using that outline as a guide; Think slideshows. It’s the best method, because the speaker appears spontaneous and is able to adapt to the audience
Loudness
How intense a sound is; Measured in bels
Decibel
10 bels
Natural conversation loudness
40-60 bels
Whisper loudness
20 bels
Danger loudness level
120 bels
Stress (technique)
Varying your volume to create intensity in the message
Articulation
The production of clear and distinct sounds
Pronunciation
The structure of sounds that form English; When words are spoken properly with stress on the correct syllable
Deletion
When a sound is omitted from a word; ex: kay for okay
Addition
When an extra sound is added to the word; ex: shouldn’t’ve for shouldn’t have
Substitution
When the correct syllable is replaced with an incorrect replacement; ex: dis for this
Slurring
When a speaker combines two or more words; ex: gonna for going to
Transposition
The switching of two sounds in a word; ex: perfer for prefer
Dialect
The pronunciation of a word that is consistent with an ethnic group or geographic reigion.
Inflection
When the speaker raises or lowers their voice while pronouncing words
Pitch
How low or high your voice sounds
Habitual pitch
The natural range of your voice’s pitches
Rate
number of words spoken per minute
Vocal fillers
Sounds like oh, uh, mmm, or like; Typically used to fill the air during a pause.
Gestures
Body language that emphasizes or reinforces the message
Facial expressions
Establishes the tone/emotional climate of the speech
