Colregs

Question 1

Define the following with 3 examples

Found on what colour paper

MSN

Answer 1

On white paper

Mechanct Shipping notice

1781 Colregs
1858 Requirements deck officers
1851 Large Yacht code

Question 2

Define the following with 3 examples

Found on what colour paper

MGN

Answer 2

On blue paper

Marine Guiance Notice

315 Safe Navigation
71 Muster and drills
369 Navigation in restricted vis
379 use of electronic navigation aids

Question 3

Define the following with an example

Found on what colour paper

MIN

Answer 3

Marine Information Note

Found on green paper

Question 4

Rule 5

Answer 4

Look out

Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.

Question 5

Rule 6

Answer 5

Safe Speed

Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions. In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among those taken into account:

VD Makes Little Willies Drip

Visibility
Density
Manoeuvrability of the vessel
Lights (background lights)
Wind sea and current
Draft in relation to available depth of water

(b) by vessels with operational radar:

Charlie Chaplin eats pies no more

Characteristics, efficiency & limitations of the radar
Constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use;
Effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference;

Possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range

Number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar;

The more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity.

Question 6

Rule 7

Answer 6

Risk of Collision

(a) Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exist.

(b) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, including long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.

(c) Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially scanty radar information.

(d) In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be among those taken into account:

(i) Such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change;

(ii) such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range.

Question 7

Rule 8

Answer 7

Action to avoid Collision

(a) Any action to avoid collision shall be taken in accordance with the Rules of this Part and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship.

(b) Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision, shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar; a succession of small alterations of course and/or speed should be avoided.

(c) If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of course alone may be the most effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided that it is made in good time, is substantial and does not result in another close-quarters situation.

(d) Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result in passing at a safe distance. The effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear.

(e) If necessary to avoid collision or allow more to assess the situation, a vessel shall slacken her speed or take all way off by stopping or reversing her means of propulsion.

(i) A vessel which, by any of these Rules, is required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel shall, when required by the circumstances of the case, take early action to allow sufficient sea room for the safe passage of the other vessel.

(ii) A vessel required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel is not relieved of this obligation if approaching the other vessel so as to involve risk of collision and shall, when taking action, have full regard to the action which may be required by the Rules of this part.

(iii) A vessel the passage of which is not to be impeded remains fully obliged to comply with the rules of this part when the two vessels are approaching one another so as to involve risk of collision.

Question 8

Rule 9

Answer 8

Narrow Channel

Question 9

Rule 10

Answer 9

TSS

Traffic Separation Schemes

(a) This Rule Applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by the Organization and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any other rule.

(b) A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall:

(i) proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane;

(ii) so far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone;

(iii) normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane, but when joining or leaving from either side shall do so at as small an angle to the general direction of traffic flow as practicable.

(c) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid crossing traffic lanes, but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow.

(d)

(i) A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme. However, vessels of less than 20 meters in length, sailing vessels and vessels engaged in fishing may use the inshore traffic zone.

(ii) Notwithstanding subparagraph (d) (i), a vessel may use an inshore traffic zone when en route to or from a port, offshore installation or structure, pilot station or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone, or to avoid immediate danger.

(e) A vessel, other than a crossing vessel, or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall not normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except:

(i) in cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger; (ii) to engage in fishing within a separation zone.

(f) A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes shall do so with particular caution.

(g) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation scheme or in areas near its terminations.

(h) A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a margin as is practicable. (i) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any vessel following a traffic lane.

(j) A vessel of less than 20 meters in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a traffic lane.

(k) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the maintenance of safety of navigation in a traffic separation scheme is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.

(l) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the laying, servicing or picking up of a submarine cable, within a traffic separation scheme, is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.

Question 10

Rule 11

Answer 10

Application

Question 11

Rule 12

Answer 11

Sailing boats

Question 12

Rule 13

Answer 12

Over taking

Any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.

A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the sternlight of that vessel but neither of her sidelights.

When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly.

Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall not make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear.

Question 13

Rule 14

Answer 13

Head on

When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision each shall alter her course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other.

Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead or nearly ahead and by night she could see the masthead lights of the other in a line or nearly in a line and/or both sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding aspect of the other vessel.

When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation exists she shall assume that it does exist and act accordingly.

Question 14

Rule 15

Answer 14

Crossing

When two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel.

Question 15

Collision avoidance, keep out of the way

Rule 16

Answer 15

I am going to take a regular series of compass bearings of the approaching vessel and if the compass bearing remains constant or does not appreciably change, then risk of collision is deemed to exist.

**(Point at it) – This is the “stand on vessel” **

I am the “keep out of the way” vessel and shall sound one short blast on the whistle of about one-second duration, make a bold alteration, of course, to starboard (or port) of about 40 and 60 degrees.

I will monitor the situation until its past and clear and then return to its original course.

Question 16

Rule 18

Answer 16

Responsiblity between two vessels

Question 17

Rule 17 Action by stand-on vessel

Answer 17

I am going to take a regular series of compass bearings of the approaching vessel and if the compass bearing remains constant or does not appreciably change then risk of collision is deemed to exist:

**I am the Stand on Vessel. **

I shall maintain my course and speed. I may, however, take action to avoid collision by my manoeuvre alone, as soon as it becomes apparent that the other vessel is not taking appropriate action in compliance with these Rules.

If so, I shall sound 5 short rapid blasts, inform the Master engage hand steering.

If there is no response, then sound 1 short blast and go to starboard.

(I can’t go to port for a power driven vessel at the may stage.)

Question 18

Collision avoidance + shall not impede (inside a
Narrow channel or TSS)

Answer 18

I am going to take a regular series of compass bearings of the approaching vessel and if the compass bearing remains constant or does not appreciably change, then risk of collision is deemed to exist:

**This is Rule 18/15; I am the give-way vessel. **

However, under rule 10 this vessel is required to not impede my safe
passage.

I shall sound 5 short rapid blasts to remind her of her obligation to not impede.

If there is no response then the normal Steering and Sailing Rules apply when there is risk of collision and will act accordingly.

Question 19

You sight a CBD

Answer 19

I am going to take regular series of compass bearing of the approaching vessel and if the compass bearings remain constant or does not appreciably change then risk of collision is deemed to exist.

I am the “shall not impede” vessel.

I shall take early action to allow sufficient sea room for the safe passage of the vessel not to be impeded.

I will sound 1 short blast and alter to Starboard to parallel the other vessel’s course

(I will not alter to port for CBD on my own port side if
risk of collision exists)

Question 20

What are the six ALRS volumes

Answer 20

Volume 1 Maritime Radio Stations

Includes details on global maritime communications, satellite communication services, coastguard communications, and more.

Volume 2 Radio Aids to Navigation

Covers VHF radio direction-finding stations, radar beacons, Automatic Identification System (AIS) aids to navigation, and radio time signals.

Volume 3 Maritime Safety Information Services

Provides information on maritime weather services, radio weather and navigational warnings, NAVTEX and EGC services, and more.

Volume 4 Meteorological Observation Stations

Lists all meteorological observation stations worldwide.

Volume 5 Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS)

Details worldwide communication requirements for distress, search, and rescue, including SOLAS and ITU regulations

Volume 6 Pilot Services, Vessel Traffic Services, and Port Operations

Includes detailed information on pilot services, vessel traffic services, and port operation

Can randy madens make good partners

Question 21

Rule 10

Answer 21

Narrow Channels

(a) A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable.

(b) A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway.

(c) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway.

(d) A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway. The latter vessel may use the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34(d) if in doubt as to the intention of the crossing vessel.

(i) In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule

The vessel to be overtaken shall, if in agreement, sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(ii) and take steps to permit safe passing. If in doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34(d).

(ii) This Rule does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her obligation under Rule 13.

(f) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall navigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule

(g) Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid anchoring in a narrow channel.

Question 22

Rule 16

Answer 22

Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so far as possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear.

Question 23

Rule 19

Answer 23

Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility

(a) This Rule applies to vessels not in sight of one another when navigating in or near an area of restricted visibility.

(b) Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility. A power-driven vessel shall have engines ready for immediate manoeuvre.

(c) Every vessel shall have due regard to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility when complying with the Rules of Section I of this Part.

(d) A vessel which detects by radar alone the presence of another vessel shall determine if a close- quarters situation is developing and/or risk of collision exists. If so, she shall take avoiding action in ample time, provided that when such action consists of an alteration of course, so far as possible the following shall be avoided:

(i) an alteration of course to port for a vessel forward of the beam, other than for a vessel being overtaken;

(ii) an alteration of course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam.

(e) Except where it has been determined that a risk of collision does not exist, every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of another vessel, or which cannot avoid a close quarters situation with another vessel forward of her beam, shall reduce her speed to the minimum at which she can be kept on her course. She shall if necessary take all her way off and in any event navigate with extreme caution until danger of collision is over.