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Prod331 > Colour Cosmetics > Flashcards

Colour Cosmetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is vision based on?

A

The absorption of light by photoreceptors cells in the eye.

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2
Q

Between which wavelengths can our eyes see?

A

300nm to 850nm

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3
Q

Which colour has the longest wavelength?

A

Red, 665nm

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4
Q

Which colour has the shortest wavelength?

A

Violet, 400nm

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5
Q

Describe how we see colour

A

The light is reflected into the eye and goes through the lens, which focuses it on the retina. The retina has got cone and rod cells. Rod cells are responsible for vision in low light levels, cones are responsible for colour. We have three different types of cone cells red,green and blue. When’s colour is reflected in to the eyes, this activates the cone cells which sends signals to the brain perceiving the colour.

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6
Q

How many cone and rod cells do retinas contain?

A

3million cones, 100 million rods

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7
Q

What is the photoreceptor molecule in the rod cells?

A

Rhodopsin, which consists of the protein opsin linked to 11-cis-retinal, a prosthetic group.

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8
Q

What was a symbol of power in Persian culture?

A

Black eyeshadow, black eyeliner

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9
Q

In what century did makeup change from being something that was looked down on to something that is commonly used?

A

20th Century, before this it was associated with prostitutes and dancing girls, it was the silver screen that made this change.

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10
Q

What does cosmetic science cover?

A

The fields from natural science to human and social sciences, it is an important interdisciplinary element in various scientific disciples

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11
Q

What are the function of our lips

A

Food intake, articulation, tactile organ, erogenous zone

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12
Q

What components does the outer surface of the lips have?

A

Epidermis, hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

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13
Q

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

A

Sebaceous glands are small oil producing glands, attached to the hair follicles, the release sebum onto the surface of the skin.

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14
Q

What is the vermilion border?

A

Border around the vermilion

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15
Q

Why is the vermilion border red?

A

Decreased density of keratin, translucent skin (showing capillary vessels), this is also why they dry faster.

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16
Q

Name the different components of the lips

A

Philtral Ridge, philtum, upper lip, vermillion border, upper lip vermillion, lower lip vermillion, oral comissure, mentolabial sulcus.

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17
Q

What shapes the human lip?

A

Muscle and soft connecting tissue

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18
Q

Why do lips become dry & chapped so easily?

A

Low production of natural emollients, lips contain less water and lose water faster

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19
Q

How does the vermillion border recover so fast from wounds?

A

Very rapid cell turnover

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20
Q

How do lips change with age?

A

Thinning skin, loss of muscle support, changes in bone structure, bone resorption, soft tissue volume

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21
Q

Name ingredients that were used in lip products historically

A

Gemstones, red clay, iron oxide, henna, seaweed, iodine, bromine mannite, cleopatra uses crushed ants and red bugs in a base of beeswax, most of this is toxic

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22
Q

What are four different types of lip products?

A

Lipsticks, lip glosses, lip liners, lip balms

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23
Q

What are the typical ingredients in the lip makeup product?

A

Waxes, oils/fats/butters, colour additive, antioxidants, preservatives, fragrances,flavouring agents, texturising agents, active ingredients

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24
Q

What are the function of waxes in lip products?

A

Structuring agents, provide rigidity and solidity

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25
Q

What are the functions of oils/fats/butters?

A

Slippery soft texture, moisturising &emollient, prevent from drying

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26
Q

What is the function of colour additive in a lip product ?

A

Provide colour

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27
Q

What are the function of antioxidants in lip products?

A

Prevent rancidity and oxidation

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28
Q

What is the function of preservatives in the lip product?

A

Lengthens stability and shelf life

29
Q

What is the function of flavouring agents in lip products ?

A

Makes them taste better

30
Q

What is the function of texturising agents in lip products?

A

Improves texture, application and stability of product

31
Q

Give and example of an active ingredient in lip products

A

UV Filters and lip protecting ingredients

32
Q

What are the four steps in making a lipstick

A
  1. Pigment pressing, 2. Melting and mixing, 3. Moulding, 4. Flaming
33
Q

Why are lips sensitive?

A

Due to the lips not being rich in keratinised cells and melanin

34
Q

When was the first swivel up lipstick tube patented?

A

1920

35
Q

When was lip gloss first invented?

A

1930

36
Q

What was lipstick sold in inn 1915?

A

Solid metal containers with push up tubes

37
Q

Describe the function of lipstick

A

Enhance the appearance of the lips by imparting colour and gloss. Can contain flavours and fragrance, UV protection

38
Q

Describe the function of lipgloss

A

Designed to give lips a glossy Luster, sometimes subtle colour, higher ratios of oils and lower ratios of waxes, apply smoothly and have greater shine but do not wear as long as lipsticks

39
Q

Describe the function of lipliners

A

Designed to redefine the outline of the lips, formulation is similar to lipsticks however the finished formulation is harder and the level of pigment Is lower,

40
Q

What are most lip balms classes as in the US?

A

Over the counter drug

41
Q

What are the advantages of lipsticks?

A

UV Protection

42
Q

What are the disadvantages to lipsticks?

A

Drying to the lips, however additives can be added to prevent this

43
Q

What are consumer needs for lipsticks glosses &liners?

A

Attractive shades, even pigment dispersion, good coverage, long-lasting effect, pleasant taste and smell, easy to apply, UVprotection, no staining or bleeding, (lip glosses provide wet shiny look), (lip liners have high pigment content to accent lines of lip, firm enough to run around the lips), (lip balms, moisturise the lips and prevent chapping)

44
Q

Describe the technical qualities of a lipstick?

A

Long term stability, creamy gliding without a greasy sensation, firm adherence to lips without being brittle and tacky, high retention of colour intensity without any change in shade, appropriate rigidity and hardness, resistance to temperatures from 4-40 degrees

45
Q

What are some common issues with lipsticks?

A

Aeration, ladering, chipping/cracking, deformation, cratering, streaking, sweating, mushy failure, seams

46
Q

How should lipstick packaging be?

A

Packaging is very important it needs to be intelligent, stand out from other packaging

47
Q

Describe the componamts of the eye, (exterior)

A

Eyebrow, eyelashes, upper eyelid, iris, pupil, lower eyelid

48
Q

What is the role of eyelids?

A

Protect the eyeball from local injury, aid in regulating light reaching the eye (in tear film maintenance, in tear flow, in distributing the tear film over the eyes surface during blinking), regular blinking protects the eyes from drying out, mechanical irritants (such as sand) cause irritation, eyelids of thr thinnest skin in the human body,

49
Q

What to the eyelids outer layer consist of?

A

Eyelid skin, sweat glands, ciliary glands, sebaceous glands, muscles, and nerve endings

50
Q

What are the function of eyelashes?

A

Eyelashes he’ll protect our vision by defending the eyes against debris and signalling the eyelids to close when something gets close to their close proximity, the eyelashes are terminal hairs; the hair follicles where they grow from are located are located in the eyelids

51
Q

What are terminal hairs?

A

They are coaster, longer and more pigmented than vellus hairs

52
Q

Why has Make-up highlighting the eyes been controversial?

A

Due to the fact that the eyes have been considered the window to the soul, mysterious, evocative of lust, sin in different cultures, and times

53
Q

What was the first form of mascara?

A

Pressed cake

54
Q

What was the last makeup product to be popularised and mass marketed?

A

Eye makeup

55
Q

What is mascara intended to do to the face?

A

Designed to produce and intense look and make eyelashes thicker, longer and darker, brings out contrast between the iris and the sclera and high,ights and dramatises the eyes

56
Q

What are the ingredients in mascara?

A

Waxes, pigments, texturierst p, emulsifiers, and solvents

57
Q

What is the function of eyeliner on the face?

A

Designed to help draw a precise line at the base of the eyelashes to contour the eyes, give the illusion of bigger or smaller eyes, bringing out the contrast between the iris and the white of the eye

58
Q

What ingredients are found in eyeliner?

A

Eyeliners are typically emulsions, consisting of water, texturises, pigments, emollients, and emulsifiers

59
Q

What are the function of eyebrow liners?

A

The accentuate the natural line and natural hair , create fuller brows or cover the areas that have no hair

60
Q

What are the ingredients in eyebrow liners?

A

Identical to lip liners and eyeliners however are usually harder than lip liners or eyeliners

61
Q

What are the functions of eyeshadow?

A

Designed to add depth and dimensions to the eyes and thus draw attention to the eye appearance or eye colour

62
Q

What are the functions of eye makeup removers?

A

Designed to remove and eye makeup from the eyelashes and eyelids

63
Q

How can eye makeup affect you?

A

These products can cause mild to severe irritation, inflammation and others, there are no FDA colour approves additives for eyelashes and eyebrows, liquid mascara can easily becomes contaminated with bacteria, yeast and mould, people with contact lenses w should be careful when applying eye makeup is cs contact kenses can be soiled and damaged as a result of contamination from various eye cosmetics

64
Q

What ingredients are used in water resistant/proof mascaras?

A

Solvents, structurants, thickness/stabilisers, emulsifiers

65
Q

What is the function of solvents in water resistant/proof mascaras?

A

Act as vehicle, and help deliver other ingredients, in water resistant mascara water is used as the primary solvent, additional solvents include glycerin, propylene, glycol and sorbitol. Waterproof solvents quickly evaporate, making the mascara dry quicker. Examples include hydrocarbons

66
Q

What is the function of structurants in water resistant/proof mascaras?

A

Provide optimal creamy textures for the formulation that glide onto the lashes, they are also known as constancy ingredients

67
Q

What are the function of thickness and stabilisers in water proof/ resistant mascaras?

A

Increase velocity and provide a good texture to the formulations

68
Q

What are the function of emulsifiers in a formulation?

A

Stabilise the two immiscible parts of the formulation and prevent separation

Prod331 (6 decks)

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