Colorectal Carcinoma Flashcards
How common is colorectal cancer. (2)
It is the 3rd most common cancer and 2nd most common cause of UK deaths.
How many deaths per year can be attributed to colorectal carcinoma in the UK.
16,000.
What type of tumour are colorectal cancers typically.
Usually adenocarcinomas.
What is the typical age of presentation for colorectal carcinoma.
86% of presentations are in those >60.
What is the lifetime UK incidence for colorectal carcinoma in men and women. (2)
M: 1:15.
W: 1:19.
What are the risk factors for developing colorectal carcinoma. (9)
Neoplastic polyps.
IBD (UC and Crohn’s).
Genetic predisposition (
What is a prevention method for colorectal carcinoma.
Aspirin >75mg/day reduces incidence and mortality.
On what do the presentation symptoms of colorectal carcinoma depend on.
Depend in the site of tumour.
How do left sided colorectal carcinomas present. (5)
Bleeding/mucus PR. Altered bowel habits. Obstruction (25%). Tenesmus. Mass PR.
How do right sided colorectal carcinomas present. (5)
Weight loss. Low Hb. Abdominal pain (colicky lower abdominal pain in 66% of patients) PR bleeding occurs in 50%.. Obstruction is less likely.
What presentation features are common to both right and left sided colorectal carcinomas. (4)
Abdominal mass.
Perforation.
Haemorrhage.
Fistula.
What is seen on the blood tests of a patient with colorectal carcinoma.
Microcytic anaemia.
What does FOB stand for.
Faecal occult blood. Done to test for PR bleeding not detectable by sight alone.
How does colorectal carcinoma spread. (3)
Local lymphatics.
Blood (liver, lung, bone).
Transcoelomic.
How is colorectal carcinoma staged. (2)
TNM staging.
Dukes’ classification.
