Colorectal Cancer

Question 1

risk factors

Answer 1

age, genetics/fam history, Crohn’s, ulcerative colitis, H. pylori, smoking, alc, obesity/physical activity, diet high in red meat, fat, refined carbs, low fiber

Question 2

primary prevention

Answer 2

high fiber & vegetables, low refined carbs & animal fats/red meat; weight loss, no smoking/alc

Question 3

secondary prevention

Answer 3

colonoscopy, CT virtual colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, occult stool test, DNA test

Question 4

transverse/descending tumor s/s

Answer 4

cramping, sense of incomplete defecation

Question 5

rectum/sigmoid tumor s/s

Answer 5

ribbons, straining, bright red blood

Question 6

R sided tumor s/s

Answer 6

melena, causing anemia
don’t affect defecation

Question 7

fecal occult stool testing considerations

Answer 7

avoid NSAIDs, corticosteroids, vitamin C, iron, & red meat at least 48 hours before giving sample

Question 8

colonoscopy

Answer 8

scope to visualize, can snip off polyps while they’re up ur butt

Question 9

CT virtual colonoscopy

Answer 9

visualizes polyps that may be hidden by folds - need to go in up ur butt to actually remove them

Question 10

surgical interventions

Answer 10

colon resection, colectomies - can end up w an ostomy

Question 11

pre-op nursing care

Answer 11

bowel prep, consult wound care nurse if they’re getting an ostomy

Question 12

post op NG tube considerations

Answer 12

flush q4h w 30ml NS
assess for decreased output, abd distention, & n/v

Question 13

expected consistency of ostomy output

Answer 13

small intestine - liquid
right large - mushy
left large - formed