color properties Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Binder in relation to pigments?

A

The agent that glues pigments to the fiber surface.

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2
Q

What is Self Shade in Dyeing?

A

A textile colored using only one dye.

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3
Q

What is Visible Light?

A

Electromagnetic radiation (380-780 nm) visible to humans.

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4
Q

What is Electromagnetic Radiation?

A

Energy that travels in waves; includes visible light, X-rays, etc.

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5
Q

What is Wavelength?

A

Distance between wave crests; determines color in visible light.

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6
Q

What is a Nanometer (nm)?

A

One billionth of a meter; unit for measuring wavelengths.

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7
Q

What are Spectral Colors?

A

Colors produced by separating white light (prism/raindrop); ROY G BIV.

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8
Q

What are Non-spectral Colors?

A

All colors not found in the rainbow spectrum.

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9
Q

What are Achromatic Colors?

A

Black, white, and grays; lacking hue.

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10
Q

What is Hue?

A

The pure color; the name of the color (e.g., red, blue).

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11
Q

What is Value (Lightness)?

A

The lightness or darkness of a color; ranges from black to white.

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12
Q

What is Chroma (Saturation)?

A

The purity or intensity of a color.

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13
Q

What is Color Vision?

A

Complex process not fully understood; involves photochemical reactions in the retina.

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14
Q

What is Color Blindness?

A

Difficulty distinguishing certain colors (most commonly red/green).

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15
Q

What is Color Normal?

A

Individuals with normal color vision; can distinguish millions of colors.

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16
Q

What is Color Fatigue?

A

Temporary impairment of color vision due to prolonged exposure to a color.

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17
Q

What is Reflection of light?

A

Light bouncing off an object; determines perceived color.

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18
Q

What is Absorption of light?

A

Light taken in by an object; results in less light being reflected.

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19
Q

What is Transmission of light?

A

Light passing through a material; can alter perceived color.

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20
Q

What is Infinite Thickness in Fabric?

A

Folding fabric to eliminate light transmission and evaluate true color.

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21
Q

What is Additive Color Mixing?

A

Mixing colored lights; primaries are red, blue, green. Mixing all three makes white.

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22
Q

What is Subtractive Color Mixing?

A

Mixing dyes/pigments; primaries are magenta, cyan, yellow (or practically red, blue, yellow). Mixing all three makes black.

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23
Q

What are Primary Colors in Additive mixing?

A

Red, blue, green; used to create other colors in additive mixing.

24
Q

What are Primary Colors in Subtractive mixing?

A

Magenta, cyan, yellow (or red, blue, yellow); used to create other colors in subtractive mixing.

25
Q

What is Metamerism?

A

Objects which appear to match or evoke the same color under at least one circumstance, but have different spectral reflectance curves and appear mismatched under different matching conditions are metameric objects or exhibit metamerism.

26
Q

What is Illuminant Metamerism?

A

Color match dependent on light source.

27
Q

What is Observer Metamerism?

A

Color match dependent on the observer. (people)

28
Q

What is Geometric Metamerism?

A

Color match dependent on the object’s geometry (e.g., pile fabrics).

29
Q

What is Instrument Metamerism?

A

Color match differences due to instrument limitations.

30
Q

What is Color Constancy?

A

An object maintaining its color despite lighting changes.

31
Q

What is Color Inconstancy?

A

An object appearing to change color under different lighting.

32
Q

What is a Spectral Reflectance Curve?

A

Plot showing reflectance at each wavelength; unique “fingerprint” of a color.

33
Q

What is a Colorimeter?

A

Measures amounts of red, green, blue light reflected.

34
Q

What is a Spectrophotometer?

A

Measures spectral reflectance curve; calculates tristimulus values.

35
Q

What are Tristimulus Values?

A

Mathematical representation of red, green, blue light energy.

36
Q

What are L, a, b* Values?

A

Color coordinates in the Lab* color space. L- BW, a-GR, b-YB

37
Q

What is 0/45 Geometry in Spectrophotometer?

A

Measurement geometry that minimizes gloss effects, mimicking human vision.

38
Q

What is Spherical Geometry in Spectrophotometer?

A

Measurement geometry suitable for glossy or textured samples.

39
Q

What is the Munsell Color System?

A

Three-dimensional color space using hue, value, and chroma. Visually uniform but not mathematically uniform.

40
Q

What is Munsell Notation?

A

Hue Value, Chroma (e.g., 5R, 4G, 10 YG).

41
Q

What is the Munsell Book of Color?

A

Physical collection of color chips illustrating the Munsell system.

42
Q

What is Lab* Color Space?

A

Three-dimensional mathematical color space; used in color instruments. Mathematically uniform but not visually uniform.

43
Q

What is L in Lab*?

A

Lightness; ranges from 0 (black) to 100 (white).

44
Q

What is a in Lab*?

A

Redness-greenness; positive values indicate red, negative values indicate green.

45
Q

What is b in Lab*?

A

Yellowness-blueness; positive values indicate yellow, negative values indicate blue.

46
Q

What is the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test?

A

Tests ability to discriminate between small color differences.

47
Q

What is the Pseudoisochromatic Plate Test (Ishihara)?

A

Detects color blindness or color vision deficiency.

48
Q

What is Simultaneous Contrast?

A

How surrounding colors affect perceived color of an object.

49
Q

What is Computer Color Matching (CCM)?

A

Uses spectrophotometer data and software to calculate dye recipes.

50
Q

What is the Kubelka-Munk Theory?

A

Mathematical theory used in CCM for relating reflectance to dye concentrations.

51
Q

What is a Lab Dip?

A

Small-scale dyeing trial for evaluating and refining dye recipes.

52
Q

What is Shade Matching?

A

Process of achieving a precise color match.

53
Q

What is Shade Sorting?

A

Separating textiles into groups based on small color variations.

54
Q

What is Quality Control (Color)?

A

Ensuring consistent color in textile production.

55
Q

What is Primary Dyeing?

A

Dyeing a sample with one dye at specified concentrations.

56
Q

What are Workhorse Colors?

A

Basic dyes (red, blue, yellow) that form the foundation of many color matches.

57
Q

What are Optical Brightening Agents?

A

Chemicals used to enhance the whiteness of textiles.