Color Discrimination and Infant Vision (M1)

Question 1

What are two lights of different wavelength composition that are matched for the eye (human observer cannot tell the difference) called?

Answer 1

metamers

Question 2

How many spectrally distinct lights plot to one point in the normal CIE diagram?

Answer 2

infinity

Question 3

What is the point at which all of the protanopic confusion lines converge on a CIE diagram (and where is it located in the diagram)?

Answer 3

protanopic copunctal point (in the bottom right corner)

Question 4

What is the point at which all of the deuteranopic confusion lines converge on a CIE diagram (and where is it located in the diagram)?

Answer 4

deuteranopic copunctal point (underneath the diagram in the bottom right corner)

Question 5

What is the point at which all of the tritanopic confusion lines converge on a CIE diagram (and where is it located in the diagram)?

Answer 5

tritanopic copunctal point (in the bottom left corner)

Question 6

What is the monochromatic light that matches white for each dichromacy type called?

Answer 6

neutral point

Question 7

What type(s) of dichromatic patients can match all colors along the Rayleigh region?

Answer 7

1. protanope

2. deuteranope

Question 8

Do dichromats match more or less lights to a given point, compared to normals?

Answer 8

more

Question 9

What is the most common form of color vision deficiency?

Answer 9

deuteranomaly, aka Daltonism (normal L, abnormal M)

Question 10

What is the inheritance type for a deuteranomalous? 1. Protanomalous? 2. Deuteranope? 3. Protanope? 4. Tritanope? 5. Rod monochromacy? 6

Answer 10

1. X-linked recessive
2. X-linked recessive
3. X-linked recessive
4. X-linked recessive
5. autosomal dominant
6. autosomal recessive

Question 11

What is more common: congenital tritanopia or acquired tritanopia?

Answer 11

acquired tritanopia

Question 12

What are the conditions that can lead to acquired tritanopia?

Answer 12

1. glaucoma
2. diabetic retinopathy
3. retinal detachment
4. Alzheimer’s disease
5. ARMD
6. retinitis pigmentosa

Question 13

What is more common: congenital red-green defects or acquired red-green defects?

Answer 13

both common

Question 14

What are the conditions that can lead to acquired red-green defects?

Answer 14

1. Progressive cone dysfunctions and dystrophies
2. Stargardt’s disease (juvenile MD)
3. Fundus flavimaculatus

Question 15

Who is more likely to have a medical condition associated with their color-deficiency: men or women?

Answer 15

women

Question 16

Why are normal color vision patients considered to be “very colorblind”?

Answer 16

1. cannot distinguish colors because metamerically matched

2. cannot distinguish colors because their physical properties do not differ enough

Question 17

What is the minimum difference in wavelength for two wavelengths to be distinguished (what is this called)?

Answer 17

3 nm (wavelength discrimination threshold)

Question 18

What are the bandwidths of cones on average?

Answer 18

100nm

Question 19

What are the assessment types to arrive at a quantitative evaluation of patient visual performance?

Answer 19

1. physical continuum
2. behavioral measure
3. criterion for the relationship

Question 20

What is the psychometric function used for?

Answer 20

1. measure thresholds

2. matching

Question 21

What causes that problems in determining the psychometric function for detection?

Answer 21

the grey zone

Question 22

What is the method for determining the psychometric function for detection that has a predetermined range of stimulus values that are presented in random order and continues for all data?

Answer 22

method of constant stimuli

Question 23

What is the method for determining the psychometric function for detection in which the patient grabs the knob and adjusts its value until the “criterion” is attained?

Answer 23

method of adjustment

Question 24

What is the method for determining the psychometric function for detection where the examiner adjusts the knob upward from a value that is too low until the criterion is attained?

Answer 24

ascending method of limits

Question 25

What is the method for determining the psychometric function for detection where the examiner turns it up if “no” and down if “yes” and the threshold is the average of the stimulus values at the reversal points?

Answer 25

staircase method

Question 26

What is the method for determining the psychometric function for detection where the examiner adjusts the knob downward from a value that is too high until the criterion is attained?

Answer 26

descending method of limits

Question 27

What is the test type that presents a stimulus on the left or right and a blank on the other side and the patient must guess which side contains the stimulus? 1. What are the benefits? 2. What are the disadvantages? 3

Answer 27

1. two-alternative forced-choice
2. scoring is easy and can be used on naive observers
3. takes a long time and not all measurements can be done this way

Question 28

What is the test type that presents a letter stimulus and the observer is to guess the letter type? 1. Is it slower of faster than 2AFC? 2

Answer 28

1. forced naming

2. faster

Question 29

Can infants make discriminations based on luminance? 1. What type of experiment is used to determine this? 2

Answer 29

1. yes

2. 2AFC (2 alternative forced choice)

Question 30

Can infants make discriminations based on color? 1. What type of experiment is used to determine this? 2

Answer 30

1. 7-week-olds can; 3-week-olds cannot

2. 2AFC

Question 31

Which color discrimination comes in later than the other?

Answer 31

tritan (s-cone)