Colonial Period 1 Flashcards
How many Native American People were there before the colonies?
~ 70 million
When did Christopher Columbus “discover” America?
1492
Who was Leiff Eriksson?
Viking
colony on Newfoundland
What is the difference between British settlers and other European colonies?
European only for limited time
exploit natural resources then back home
Where were the Spanish?
v.a. California
Florida
Texas
Mississippi Basin
Why did Spanish explore North America?
establish military posts
trading posts
church missions
Where were the French?
Canada
Great Lakes
Mississippi
Who, when and where first French permanent settlement?
Samuel de Champlain
1608
Québec, St Lawrence River
Where were the Dutch?
New Netherland (NY)
Why did the French explore North America?
hunters, trappers, tradesmen, fishermen
fur trade
Why did the Dutch explore North America?
establish trading posts along the Hudson River
When and where was the first British attempt to found a colony?
1585
Roanoke Island
What is the Lost Colony?
group of English merchants led by Sir Walter Raleigh settled on Roanoke Island and disappeared without any traces
Who wrote the first detailed description of Natives, land, animals, economic opportunities?
Thomas Harriot
“A Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia
Which was the first permanent colony?
Jamestown, Virginia
Who and why was Jamestown founded?
London Company, John Smith
business venture to grow tobacco
Who was John Smith?
Founded and leader Jamestown
dealings with Natives
Who wrote “Generell Historie of Virginia”?
John Smith
Who and why did Pocahontas marry?
John Rolfe
Political marriage to keep peace
How did the relation between Natives and Settler changed in Jamestown?
Initially friendly because Settlers dependent on Indian food and guidance
More and more settlers spread over native land
Settlers considered Indian lands “unsettled”
When and how did slave labor started?
1619
Dutch ship with black slaves from West Africa arrives by accident in Jamestown
Who were the Puritans?
Protestants opposed to Anglican Church
want to keep religion “pure”, free of popism
When and where did the Puritans go?
1620 in the ship Mayflower from Plymouth to a land grant by king
arrive in Cape Cod (unclaimed territory outside EU jurisdiction)
> Plymouth Plantation
> own constitution
What is the Mayflower Compact?
early example of constitution in Plymouth by Puritans
Democratic but church controlled government
How was Thanksgiving invented?
Natives showed Settlers showed them how to plant and hunt to survive winter
> Big Feast to say Thank you
Who was William Bradford?
First Governor of Plymouth
Why do Americans claim that Pilgrim Fathers were the first settlers?
religion sounds like a better than reason than just growing tobacco
Where did the second Puritan group settle?
Massachusetts Bay Colony
> cities Boston, Salem
What was Puritan thinking?
Calvinism: everything controlled by God, cannot be changed by man
Typology: God’s chosen people, repeating biblical history
Theocracy: church and state inseparable
Predestination: man just depraved of original sin, only few are chosen to be “Elect”, “Saints”
hard-working
discipline
learning
Where does the Puritan work ethic comes from?
Predestination:
material success seen as sign it God’s favor “being the Elect”
Who was Samuel Sewell?
famous judge + politician Massachusetts
Salem Witch Trials
Who wrote “Magnalia Christi Americans”?
Cotton Mather
Who was John Winthrop?
First Governor Massachusetts Bay Colony
Democratic system
Which colonies were founded by Puritan settlers and by Englishmen?
Maine (soon Massachusetts)
New Hampshire (soon Massachusetts)
Connecticut
Rhode Island
Which Puritan Thinking still exists today in American Culture?
Giving testimony
= Share spiritual experience and mistakes
Which colony was the first one to establish full religious freedom?
Rhode Island
Who were “Praying Indians”/”Red Puritans”?
Natives who converted to Puritans
still not same rights as Puritans
What happened in the Pequot War 1637?
Puritans + Indian allies vs Pequots
Puritan settlements at Plymouth and Massachusetts expand into Connecticut River Valley (land of Pequots)
> fighting over land
> dishonest trade
> Puritans + Indian Allies burn Pequot village down
> Most died, survivors enslaved
> Name “Pequot” outlawed
Which main Native Tribes were along the east coast where the Puritans settled?
Massachusett
Pequot
Wampanoags
