Colonial Period 1

Question 1

How many Native American People were there before the colonies?

Answer 1

~ 70 million

Question 2

When did Christopher Columbus “discover” America?

Answer 2

1492

Question 3

Who was Leiff Eriksson?

Answer 3

Viking

colony on Newfoundland

Question 4

What is the difference between British settlers and other European colonies?

Answer 4

European only for limited time

exploit natural resources then back home

Question 5

Where were the Spanish?

Answer 5

v.a. California
Florida
Texas
Mississippi Basin

Question 6

Why did Spanish explore North America?

Answer 6

establish military posts
trading posts
church missions

Question 7

Where were the French?

Answer 7

Canada
Great Lakes
Mississippi

Question 8

Who, when and where first French permanent settlement?

Answer 8

Samuel de Champlain
1608
Québec, St Lawrence River

Question 9

Where were the Dutch?

Answer 9

New Netherland (NY)

Question 10

Why did the French explore North America?

Answer 10

hunters, trappers, tradesmen, fishermen

fur trade

Question 11

Why did the Dutch explore North America?

Answer 11

establish trading posts along the Hudson River

Question 12

When and where was the first British attempt to found a colony?

Answer 12

1585

Roanoke Island

Question 13

What is the Lost Colony?

Answer 13

group of English merchants led by Sir Walter Raleigh settled on Roanoke Island and disappeared without any traces

Question 14

Who wrote the first detailed description of Natives, land, animals, economic opportunities?

Answer 14

Thomas Harriot

“A Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia

Question 15

Which was the first permanent colony?

Answer 15

Jamestown, Virginia

Question 16

Who and why was Jamestown founded?

Answer 16

London Company, John Smith

business venture to grow tobacco

Question 17

Who was John Smith?

Answer 17

Founded and leader Jamestown

dealings with Natives

Question 18

Who wrote “Generell Historie of Virginia”?

Answer 18

John Smith

Question 19

Who and why did Pocahontas marry?

Answer 19

John Rolfe

Political marriage to keep peace

Question 20

How did the relation between Natives and Settler changed in Jamestown?

Answer 20

Initially friendly because Settlers dependent on Indian food and guidance
More and more settlers spread over native land
Settlers considered Indian lands “unsettled”

Question 21

When and how did slave labor started?

Answer 21

1619

Dutch ship with black slaves from West Africa arrives by accident in Jamestown

Question 22

Who were the Puritans?

Answer 22

Protestants opposed to Anglican Church

want to keep religion “pure”, free of popism

Question 23

When and where did the Puritans go?

Answer 23

1620 in the ship Mayflower from Plymouth to a land grant by king
arrive in Cape Cod (unclaimed territory outside EU jurisdiction)
> Plymouth Plantation
> own constitution

Question 24

What is the Mayflower Compact?

Answer 24

early example of constitution in Plymouth by Puritans

Democratic but church controlled government

Question 25

How was Thanksgiving invented?

Answer 25

Natives showed Settlers showed them how to plant and hunt to survive winter
> Big Feast to say Thank you

Question 26

Who was William Bradford?

Answer 26

First Governor of Plymouth

Question 27

Why do Americans claim that Pilgrim Fathers were the first settlers?

Answer 27

religion sounds like a better than reason than just growing tobacco

Question 28

Where did the second Puritan group settle?

Answer 28

Massachusetts Bay Colony

> cities Boston, Salem

Question 29

What was Puritan thinking?

Answer 29

Calvinism: everything controlled by God, cannot be changed by man

Typology: God’s chosen people, repeating biblical history

Theocracy: church and state inseparable

Predestination: man just depraved of original sin, only few are chosen to be “Elect”, “Saints”

hard-working
discipline
learning

Question 30

Where does the Puritan work ethic comes from?

Answer 30

Predestination:

material success seen as sign it God’s favor “being the Elect”

Question 31

Who was Samuel Sewell?

Answer 31

famous judge + politician Massachusetts

Salem Witch Trials

Question 32

Who wrote “Magnalia Christi Americans”?

Answer 32

Cotton Mather

Question 33

Who was John Winthrop?

Answer 33

First Governor Massachusetts Bay Colony

Democratic system

Question 34

Which colonies were founded by Puritan settlers and by Englishmen?

Answer 34

Maine (soon Massachusetts)
New Hampshire (soon Massachusetts)
Connecticut
Rhode Island

Question 35

Which Puritan Thinking still exists today in American Culture?

Answer 35

Giving testimony

= Share spiritual experience and mistakes

Question 36

Which colony was the first one to establish full religious freedom?

Answer 36

Rhode Island

Question 37

Who were “Praying Indians”/”Red Puritans”?

Answer 37

Natives who converted to Puritans

still not same rights as Puritans

Question 38

What happened in the Pequot War 1637?

Answer 38

Puritans + Indian allies vs Pequots

Puritan settlements at Plymouth and Massachusetts expand into Connecticut River Valley (land of Pequots)
> fighting over land
> dishonest trade
> Puritans + Indian Allies burn Pequot village down
> Most died, survivors enslaved
> Name “Pequot” outlawed

Question 39

Which main Native Tribes were along the east coast where the Puritans settled?

Answer 39

Massachusett
Pequot
Wampanoags