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His-131 > Colonial America > Flashcards

Colonial America Flashcards

1
Q

Leader of Puritans who came to Plymouth in 1630 and would be the governor of Massachusetts until 1649.

A

John Winthrop

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2
Q

Type of family most often found among Native Americans before contact with Europeans.

A

Extended Family

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3
Q

Puritan dissenter who believed in the separation of Church and State and went on to settle Rhode Island.

A

Roger Williams

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4
Q

English Commander in Ireland who is known for his brutality against the natives (i.e. lined the path to his headquarters with Irish heads).

A

Sir Humphery Gilbert

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5
Q

Name of religious document that Puritans adopted in 1662 so that children of people who were not saints/the elect, could be baptized in the church.

A

Half-way Covenant

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6
Q

Region in Northern Ireland where the English were able to establish Protestant control, and where many Scottish would settle in the early 1600s.

A

Ulster

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7
Q

Military dictator of England (Puritan) who seized power after the execution of Charles I.

A

Oliver Cromwell

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8
Q

Term used to believe the belief in the superiority of one’s own nation, ethnic group or culture.

A

Ethnocentrism

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9
Q

Native American who after being captured by the Spanish, returned to New England and helped the Pilgrims survive their first year in the New World.

A

Squanto

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10
Q

Was given the Maryland Charter and as proprietor of Maryland offered religious toleration for Roman Catholics in this colony.

A

Cecil Calvert

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11
Q

The major proprietor of Georgia who intended to make the colony a haven for the debtors and paupers who filled the English jails.

A

James Olgelthrope

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12
Q

First college to be established in the English colonies.

A

Harvard

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13
Q

Country which would establish settlements in the Southwest and in Florida.

A

Spain

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14
Q

Country which felt slighted by the Pope’s division of the New World because they were left in control of only Brazil.

A

Portugal

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15
Q

Spanish Monarch who sent his mighty Armada to destroy the English fleet in 1588. (The English victory would insure England’s independence and demonstrated that they would be a contender for colonies in the future).

A

Philip II

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16
Q

Arrived in Jamestown in 1608 and under his leadership brought discipline to the settlers and was a skilled negotiator with Native Americans.

A

John Smith

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17
Q

Ruler of England in the Sixteenth Century who broke with the Catholic Church because the Pope had refused to annul his first marriage.

A

Henry VIII

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18
Q

Name given to the Church of England. This would be the dominant religion in the Chesapeake Region and in the British Caribbean.

A

Anglicanism

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19
Q

The approximate population of the indigenous people who inhabited the Western Hemisphere before the arrival of Columbus.

A

50-90 Million

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20
Q

Name given to the split in the Christian Church in Sixteenth Century Europe that resulted in the creation of the Protestant faith.

A

Reformation

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21
Q

Government ruled by clergy.

A

Theocracy

22
Q

Native American woman who helped the settlers at Jamestown, and who charmed the English during her trip to London with her English husband.

A

Pocahontas

23
Q

Puritan dissenter who claimed that her minister was not one of “the elect”. She was tried and convicted for heresy. Her knowledge of the scriptures might have led to her acquittal had she not insisted that she had communicated directly with the Holy Spirit.

A

Anne Hutchinson

24
Q

English Monarch who instructed the “Sea Dogs” to harass the Spanish ships at sea, and was the first to authorize an English colony in the New World (Roanoke).

A

Elizabeth I

25
Q

Form of social organization in which the father is recognized as the head of the family or tribe, descent and kinship being raced through the male line.

A

Patrilineal

26
Q

Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine which encouraged the colonists to see King George III as the villain and prompted many to call for independence.

A

Common Sense

27
Q

Type of religion practiced by a few “enlightened” individuals during the eighteenth century, they believed in a “Creator” who did not intervene in worldly affairs.

A

Deism

28
Q

Court orders which allowed custom officials to conduct general searched of ships and docks win order to try and stop smuggling. Colonists perceived these as a violation of the right to privacy.

A

Writs of Assistance

29
Q

A political/economic theory which calls on a nation to sell more goods to its rivals than it buys from them, resulting in carefully regulated trade by the government.

A

Mercantilism

30
Q

Radical leader in New York who overthrew the governor after hearing about the Glorious Revolution, but he was hung in 1690 for being a traitor.

A

Jacob Leiser

31
Q

“Minister” in Britain who would win the admiration of the colonists during the French and Indian War for his successful command of the war, and later for his support for colonists’ demands.

A

William Pitt

32
Q

Religious revival of evangelicals and an emotional and personal response to religious practice that occurred in the middle of the eighteenth century, which brought about a growth in new Protestant denominations.

A

Great Awakening

33
Q

Organizations that sprung up after the Townshend Acts which allowed people in other colonies to stay in contact with others opposing British policies.

A

Committees of Correspondence

34
Q

French philosopher who defended freedom of speech and tolerance of religion like his good friend and drinking buddy Benjamin Franklin.

A

Voltaire

35
Q

English philosopher who stated that all men have natural rights that among these are life, liberty and property. He also stated the concept of the “consent of the governed” and contributed to the doctrine of the “social contract”.

A

John Locke

36
Q

Act passed by Parliament which required taxes to be sold for paper items (i.e. newspapers, legal documents and even playing cards), that were sold within the colonies

A

Stamp Act

37
Q

Acts that had been passed by the Stuart Kings which forbid foreign vessels from trading with the English colonies, thereby making the colonies dependent on Britain.

A

The Navigation Acts

38
Q

This was issued by the British government after the French and Indian War in hopes of reducing the likelihood of war between Indians and the setters who were encroaching upon their lands.

A

Proclamation of 1763

39
Q

An Event where colonists showed their determination to resist the East India Company Act by destroying a certain type of merchandise in a showy display where the participants dressed as Mohawks to disguise themselves.

A

Boston Tea Party

40
Q

Series of Laws that were intended to punish Massachusetts for her rebellious acts (i.e. like the one above).

A

Intolerable/Coercive Acts

41
Q

Name given to people who were loyal to the crown, and who were not sympathetic to colonists’ claims of injustice. Name taken from a political party in Parliament which hoped to get colonists to pay their fair share of taxes.

A

Tories

42
Q

Document issued by the Second Continental Congress, which expressed the colonists demands for the repeal of the Intolerable Acts, but did so in an excessively polite manner.

A

Olive Branch Petition

43
Q

Name of war which resulted in the map of North America being redrawn so that only the British and the Spanish could lay claim to the continent.

A

French and Indian War

44
Q

Massachusetts radical who stirred the crowds at a meeting in Boston on the night of the “Tea Party” and who championed for independence early.

A

Sons of Liberty

45
Q

Lawyer who argued that the Writs of Assistance were unconstitutional because they violated an Englishman’s right to privacy.

A

James Ortis

46
Q

A Reformed Puritan who examined the ideas of the Enlightenment and rejected them to help spread the “new light” belief in Protestant theology which called for a new emotional and personal relationship with God. Would become one of the major leaders in the Great Awakening.

A

Johnathan Edwards

47
Q

Document written by Thomas Jefferson stating the reasons for the war between the colonies and Britain and this would become the leading document proclaiming values that America continues to strive to achieve.

A

Declaration of Independence

48
Q

Commander of the Continental Army

A

George Washington

49
Q

The French Aristocrat who helped the Americans and George Washington would regard him as his best officer.

A

Marquis de Lafayette

50
Q

Name given to German mercenaries hired by the British to fight against the Americans.

A

Hessians

51
Q

British General in charge of troops in the South. His forces would be surrounded at Yorktown where he surrendered on October 19, 1781.

A

Lord Cornwallis

His-131 (3 decks)

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