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His-131 > Building a Nation > Flashcards

Building a Nation Flashcards

1
Q

Man present at the Constitutional Convention who kept a detailed diary of the proceedings so that today we know what happened there.

A

James Madison

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2
Q

Man who stayed away from the Convention because he said that he “smelled a rat”.

A

Patrick Henry

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3
Q

Name given to an event (occurred at the Constitutional Convention) which resulted in the Constitution that we have today. The issue of representation was settled during this.

A

Great/Conn Compromise

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4
Q

Plan for representation in the new Congress to be based on equal representation for each state, like in the Articles of Confederation.

A

New Jersey Plan

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5
Q

Plan for representation in the new Congress to be based on Population, and for Congress to select the executive and the judicial branch.

A

Virginia Plan

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6
Q

The institution that elects the president of the United States.

A

Electoral College

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7
Q

An event in Massachusetts in 1786, where farmers took up arms against local officials in protest over farm foreclosures. This event influenced many to view the Articles of Confederation as having serious flaws.

A

Shay’s Rebellion

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8
Q

A legal doctrine where a woman’s legal identity is subsumed by her husband. She has no rights to own property, to testify in court or to custody of her children.

A

Coverture

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9
Q

A system of government in which power is divided between a central government and a regional or sub-divisional government that exists above the local unit. Each level must have some domain in which its authority is secure.

A

Federalism

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10
Q

A system of government where there is a loose union of states and each state retains its autonomy.

A

Confederation

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11
Q

Founding Father who thought that any self respecting country should have a King and proposed that George Washington become our first King.

A

Alexander Hamilton

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12
Q

A person who gains power by appealing to the fears, emotions and prejudices of the people.

A

Demagagoue

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13
Q

First African American Supreme Court Justice nominated by LBJ in the 1960s who argued in his famous speech given during the Bicentennial celebration of the Constitution in 1987, that we should hold the Framer’s responsible for including slavery in the Constitution. Their failure to resolve the issue resulted in horrific injustices, a civil war, a century of segregation and continuing racism and vast inequities that haunt our present and future.

A

Thurgood Marshall

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14
Q

Two house legislature.

A

Bicameral

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15
Q

Political philosopher who stated that governments should be established so that there is a separation of powers resulting in a system of checks and balances.

A

Montesquieu

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16
Q

Document written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 which set forth the ideals for which the new American nation would be known.

A

Declaration of Independence

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17
Q

The first Constitution of the United States.

A

Articles of Confederation

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18
Q

English political philosopher who stated that men have “natural rights”, such as life, liberty and property.

A

John Locke

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19
Q

French political philosopher who helped state the idea of a “social contract”.

A

Rousseau

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20
Q

Political scientist and Historian who wrote in An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the US, that the Constitution was written by men “whose property interest were immediately at stake”.

A

Charles Beard

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21
Q

Group of men who supported the ratification of the Constitution.

A

Federalism

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22
Q

The first ten Amendments of the Constitution.

A

Bill of Rights

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23
Q

Clause in the First Amendment and in some state constitutions, which prohibits the Government from favoring one religion over another; or as stated by both Jefferson and Adams there should be a “wall of separation between Church and State”.

A

Establishment Clause

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24
Q

Prominent Virginian Anti-Federalist who finally agreed to support the Constitution because he trusted that his friend James Madison would keep his word and amend the document in the First Congress to include “his words” into the text of the Constitution.

A

Thomas Jefferson

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25
Q

Scottish economic philosopher who argued in the Wealth of Nations in 1776 that there are laws of supply and demand and that governments should not intervene in the economy but take a Laissez-faire approach to markets and regulation of trade.

A

Adam Smith

26
Q

Election which resulted in the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties (Hint, Jefferson won!).

A

Election of 1800

27
Q

One of the first political parties to form. This party objected to political power remaining in the hands of the wealthy, and under the leadership of Jefferson supported more power for the common man.

A

Democratic-Republic

28
Q

Laws passed by Congress in 1798, which attempted to silence opposition against the Federalists. These laws made it illegal to criticize the President or Congress.

A

Alien and Sedition Acts

29
Q

President Jefferson’s vice-President after the election of 1800 was settled in the House of Representatives. He would later kill Alexander Hamilton in a duel.

A

Aaron Burr

30
Q

Treaty between the US and Spain which resulted in the purchase of Florida.

A

Adams-Onis Treaty

31
Q

Supreme Court case concerning the delivery of a commission to a man who was to be the justice of the peace of the District of Columbia. This would be the first time the Court exercised judicial review.

A

Marbury v. Madison

32
Q

Chief Justice of the United States named at the end of John Adam’s presidency. He would be responsible for greatly expanding the powers of the national government at the expense of the states.

A

John Marshall

33
Q

Peace agreement between the US and Britain which ended the War of 1812.

A

Treaty of Ghent

34
Q

City where the British and Americans fought the last battle of the War of 1812 (Hint: “In 1814 we took a little trip, along with Col. Jackson down the mighty…”).

A

New Orleans

35
Q

Election where although Jackson won more popular and electoral votes, John Quincy Adams became president as a result of the election being thrown into the House of Representatives.

A

Election of 1824

36
Q

Major foreign policy proclamation made by the sitting president in 1823, which stated that the US would not interfere in the political affairs of Europe and that European powers could no longer colonize nor intervene any further in the affairs of countries in the Western Hemisphere

A

Monroe Doctrine

37
Q

A dirty election, where the incumbent president accused his opponent of being an adulterer and the challenger accused the sitting president of wearing “silk underwear”.

A

Election of 1828

38
Q

From South Carolina this statesman would be a leading spokesperson for state’s rights in the first half of the Nineteenth Century.

A

John C. Calhoun

39
Q

From Kentucky this Senator was known as a compromiser. He had also been the National-Republican presidential candidate in the election of 1832.

A

Henry Clay

40
Q

Shawnees Chief who sought to unite several tribes in the Ohio territory against white settlers. He was killed during the War of 1812 as he fought alongside the British.

A

Tecumseh

41
Q

Referred to by its opponents as the Tariff of Abominations.

A

Tariff of 1828

42
Q

Name given to the path traveled under a forced march by the US Army by the Cherokee from their homes in the southern Appalachian Mountains to the “Indian Territory” in 1838. President Jackson who disregarded the law and a Supreme Court ruling ordered the US army to remove them from their homes without proper food, clothing or shelter so that during the winter march, over 4,000 out of 15,000 died.

A

Trail of Tears

43
Q

This Protestant denomination would be the largest in the US in the 1850s as a result of the Second Great Awakening.

A

Methodists

44
Q

Name of meeting held in 1848 where delegates (including Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton) met to adopt the “Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions”, stating the “self-evident truth” that “all men and women are created equal”.

A

Seneca Falls Convention

45
Q

Leader of Mormons on their trek out west to the area that is now Utah.

A

Brigham Young

46
Q

Reformer who worked for better conditions in mental hospitals.

A

Dorothea Dix

47
Q

Education reformer who helped spread the idea that states had a responsibility to educate children.

A

Horace Mann

48
Q

Native American woman who accompanied Lewis and Clark on their historic trek across the newly purchased Louisiana Territory and helped created a trail to the Pacific through the Northwest (Hint: Prof’s Walls first kitten was named after her).

A

Sacagawea

49
Q

Election where James Polk (Dem.) defeated Henry Clay (Whig).

A

Election of 1844

50
Q

A predetermined order of events that is apparent or obvious. This was used to justify American expansion to the Pacific.

A

Manifest Destiny

51
Q

Would lead Texan resistance to the Mexicans and would be Texas’s first President.

A

Sam Houston

52
Q

American General during the Mexican-American War whose fame gained by his military exploits would allow him to be a successful political candidate.

A

Zachary Taylor

53
Q

Mexican General who defeated the Texans at the battle of the Alamo.

A

General Santa Anna

54
Q

Harsh treaty forced on Mexico at the conclusion of the war in 1848, the US received American title to Texas, New Mexico and Upper California, essentially 2/5th of Mexico’s land.

A

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

55
Q

President from 1789-1797

A

George Washington

56
Q

President from 1829-1837

A

Andrew Jackson

57
Q

President from 1817-1825

A

James Monroe

58
Q

President from 1809-1817

A

James Madison

59
Q

President from 1801-1809

A

Thomas Jefferson

60
Q

President from 1845-1849

A

James Polk

61
Q

President from 1797-1801

A

John Adams

His-131 (3 decks)

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