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Neuropsychology > College 6 Visual perception > Flashcards

College 6 Visual perception Flashcards

1
Q

Perception

A

Subjective interpretation of sensations by the brain

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2
Q

Synesthesia

A

Mixing of the senses, experiencing sensations in sense 1 while sense 2 is triggered

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3
Q

Sensory receptors

A

Specialised cells that convert sensory energy into neural activity
Vision: light
Auditory: air pressure
Taste: chemical molecules
More dense sensory receptors = more sensitive

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4
Q

Receptive field

A

More dense receptors = smaller receptive field

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5
Q

Neocortex

A

Represents the sensory fields of each modality as a spatially organized neural representation of the external world

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6
Q

Cornea

hoornvlies

A

Clear outer covering of the eye

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7
Q

Iris

A

Opens and closes to allow more or less light in

Hole in the Iris = Pupil

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8
Q

Lens

A

Focuses light
Bends to accomodate neat and far object
When not working properly –> corrected with glasses

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9
Q

Sclera

A

White part of the eye

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10
Q

Optic nerve

A

Information from the eye transported to the brain

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11
Q

Fovea and Blindspot

A

Fovea
Region of the sharpest vision, in the center of the retina

Blindspot
There is no vision on this part of the retina
Blood vessesls and optic nerve
Optic disc

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12
Q

Retina

A

Where light energy initiates neural activity

  • consists of Ganglion cells, Bipolar cells, Cones and Rods
  • Consists of neurons (photoreceptor cells)
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13
Q

Retinal Ganglion Cell (RGC)

Magno and Parvocellular layers

A 
Give rise to the optic nerve
Two types
Magnocellular (M-cell)
Magno = large
Receives input from rods
sensitive to light and moving stimuli
Consists of on-center cells
 - fire when something (light) falls in the center of the cell
Parvocellular (P-cells)
Parvo = small
Input from cones
sensitive to color
Consists of off-center cells
 - fire when something is outside of the center of the cell
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14
Q

Hyperopia

Myopia

A

Hyperopia - Nearsightedness - (minus lenses to correct)
Inability to bring distant objects into clear focus

Myopia - farsightedness + (plus lenses to correct)
inability to bring close objects into clear focus

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15
Q

Cones

A

Responsive to bright light
Color vision, fine detail
Mainly located in the Fovea
3 types of pigment (blue, red & green)

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16
Q

Rod

A

More of them compared to cones
More sensitive to dim light
Night vision
Only 1 type

17
Q

Optic chiasm

A

Nasal crosses, Temporal stays on the same side
Makes us able to see depth
Vision stimuli fron the eyes is transported to the optic chiasm where all the imput from the RIGHT visual field goed to the right side of the brain
All the stimuli from the LEFT side of the visual field crosses to the left side of the brain
Then travels via the OPTIC TRACT to the LATERAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS to the PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX

18
Q

Visual Thalamus

A

Lateral geniculate nicleus = part of this gateway from the senses
Information from the rods and cones is processes seperately
Rods consists of 2 layers, Cones consist of 4 layers
Magno and Parvocellular layers

19
Q

Geniculostriate system

A

Route in the visual brain
lateral Striate Other
Genicualte –> Cortex –> visual
Nucleus cortical areas

20
Q

Tectopulvinar system

A

Superior (on top)

Colliculis –> pulvinar –> other visual cortical areas

21
Q

Retinohypothalamic tract

A

Special Retinal Ganglion cells (RGC) send information to hypothalamus so that information about light can be implemented in circadian rythems (biological clock/biologische klok)

22
Q

Occipital cortex

A

6 visual regions
Primary visual region Secondary visual region
V1 V2-5
Striate cortex Extrastriate cortex
Recieves information from
lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
Route ot parietal lobe and Temporal lobe

23
Q

Dorsal Visual Stream

A

Stream to PARIETAL CORTEX
‘Where and how’ pathway
where is the object and how to grasp it
Eye movements: Lateral Interparietal area (LIP)
Visual control (grasping): ANTERIOR INTERPARIETAL AREA (AIP)

24
Q

Ventral visual stream

A

To TEMPORAL CORTEX
‘What’pathway
Face recognition: Fusiform Face Area (FFA)
Analyzing land marks: PPA

25
Q

Monocular blindness

A

Destruction of retina or optic nerve of one eye –> loss of sight in this eye

26
Q

Homonymous hemianopia

A

Blindness in the left or right visual field

27
Q

Quadrantanopia

A

Blindness of one quedrant of the visual field (1/4 deel blind)

28
Q

Scotoma

A

Small blind spot in visual field caused by small lesion or migraines of the visual cortex

29
Q

Visual-form agnosia

A

Face agnosia OR prosopagnosia
Inability to recognize objects or drawing of object
Inability to recognize faces

30
Q

Optic Ataxia

A

Deficit in visual control of reaching and other movements

Damage to PARIETAL LOBE

Neuropsychology (12 decks)

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