College 4 Flashcards
What can babies do when 4 days old and what does this suggest
they can differentiate between languages and this suggests that language begins before birth
The sound system of any language is…
complex
what elements does the sound system of any language involve?
tone, length, stress and rhythym
what do infants spend their first year on learning?
how to hear and differentiate the sounds of their native language
what does the process of hearing different sounds of their native language involve?
Creating mental templates to filter and process these sounds
What is understanding language about?
recognizing how meaningful units combine to form larger meaningful units
what do babies begin to identify at young age?
word brakes
How do pscycholinguist study infant cognitive processes?
observing behaviors and attention to stimuli
What are phonotactic constraints?
language specific rules that dictate how sounds can be combined to form words or syllables
what does transitional probability measure?
the likelihood of one syllable following another in the sequence
What are pohonemes
they represent the smallest sound units that can change the meaning of a word
What are allophones?
Variations of the same phoneme
What does VOT mean?
Voice Onset Time
Wat is VOT
the time between the release of a stop consonant and the osnet of vocal cord vibration
What are babies sensitive too?
distinctions like voiced/unvoiced and aspirated/unaspirated sounds
What do infants begin sorting out at 6 monts?
which sounds differences are distinctive
What challenges to babies face?
variability within and between speakers and unclear word boundaries
What helps infants navigate their challenges?
Categorization and pattern recognition
What does pattern recognition involve?
Learning sound distinctions, phonotactic constraints, devoicing, transitional probabilities and statistical learning
what are stress patterns?
used to guide babies in their effort to segment words
What is trochaic stress pattern?
first syllable is stressed
what is lambic stress pattern?
first syllable is unstressed
What is phoneme?
smalles unit of sound in a spoken word
what is minimal pair?
a pair of words that have different meanings but all of the same sounds
What is phonemic inventory?
a list of the different phonemes in a language
What is an aspirated stop?
unvoiced stop with a long voice onset time
what is an unaspirated stop?
an unvoiced oral stop, short voice onset time
