collecting and analysing information for exercise Flashcards
before a gym instructor can teach exercise to a client they must
1) determine that it is safe for the client to commence an exercise programme and/or change their current level or type of physical activity/exercise
2) plan safe and effective exercise that meets the individual needs of the client.
different methods of gathering information
> questionnaires
interviews
observation
physical measurements/assessments
in order to have an effective consultation exercise professionals will need to demonstrate the following
> a client centred approach where the needs of the participant underpin every decision and action.
empathy and an ability to understand the feelings and thoughts of clients
patience and the ability to listen openly and honestly without interruption or being judgemental
positivity and ability to refrain from negative talk
the golden minute
objective is to keep the client talking as long as possible from the outset of the consultation without asking specific questions.
gives them the chance to speak without interruption or fear of being judged. likelihood is that more accurate information will be revealed.
egs what are we doing today?
how can i help you?
whats brought you in today?
what can i do for you?
in addition to background check, instructors need to gather
very specific facts, documents and consent.
need to be able to agree with their clients a plan of action
health and medical screening
informed consent
health commitment statement - alternative to PAR-Q
Risk stratification
goal setting
physical measurments
when should the PAR-Q be completed
during initial consultation and medical records should be regularly maintained.
written screening vs verbal screening
written screening = forms completed and signed by client, normally PAR-Q
verbal screening = process by which instructors question their clients if they are medically fit and well enough to perform exercise on that particular occasion.
what is the PAR-Q
single page document containing 7 questions
a positive PAR-Q response (answering yes to one or more qs) requires written consent from doctor before they can be allowed to participate in exercise programme = temporary deferral
informed consent
legal term used to describe the process by which a person grants their permission to participate in a process or activity (exercise), fully knowing the possible consequences to their health, medical status and/or safety
informed consent serves to achieve 2 objectives
1) inform the client about the proposed contents of the exercise programme, including how they should expect to feel
2) make them aware, no matter how unlikely they may be, the possible risks associated with their participation
additional screening considerations
1) exercise and physical activity history, including sport
2) history of medical conditions or injuries not explicitly covered by PAR-Q
3) lifestyle concern (eg smoker, poor diet)
4) if the client belongs to any particular special population group (older, pre-post natal)
what is the Health Commitment Statement
an alternative to the PAR-Q
sets out what fitness or leisure facility operators and users can reasonably expect from each other in regards to health, safety and welfare of the facility user while they are on site.
The Health Commitment Statement seeks to
> develop current PAR-Q to make access to activity facilities more simple
assist the health, medical and fitness industries to work in harmony
bring health and fitness clubs in line with all sports and active leisure in relation to health matters
demonstrate respect for members by placing responsibility where it belongs, with the individual member
be consistent with government policies in encouraging every individual to take responsibility for ones own health
offer the opportunity to clubs to maximise their membership
be in keeping with current trends in legislation and case law
be consistent with a more modern approach to individual responsibility in medicine and the law
be consistent with a more modern approach to individual responsibility in medicine and the law
provide the opportunity for a uniform approach across the health and fitness industry, producing greater clarity and reducing costs
offer a simple solution in plain English, which is accessible to fitness instructors, staff and members
remove stress and anxiety from staff in relation to health of members
assessing risk stratification
low risk = no more than 1 risk factor
moderate risk = 2 or more risk factors
high risk = 2 or more 2 risk factors with known cardiovascular, pulmonary or metabolic disease
risk classification
low risk = asymptomatic, no GP approval needed, moderate and vigorous exercise
moderate risk = asymptomatic, no GP approval needed, moderate exercise
high risk = symptomatic, GP approval needed
goal setting considerations
> client’s personal objectives/targets
client’s expectations and what is realistic
lifestyle factors
client’s medical/injury status
physical activity/exercise preferences
physical activity/exercise history
available resources
Short term goals
- planned to be achieved within 3 months (usually much shorter)
- most effective when the goal does not require the client to achieve an extrinsic measure of success, but focuses on specific client behaviours
medium term goals
- usually achieved within 3-6 months
- but long term goals can be 2 years so medium could be spread over 1 year or so
- combination of process and outcome goals
- strongly connected to long-term goals
long term goals
- represent why clients want to embark on a new or different programme of exercise
- they are normally achieved outside of a 6 month period and will typically consist of outcome goals, but occasionally may include more challenging process goals like giving up smoking etc.
SMART goals
SPECIFIC MEASUREABLE AGREED REASLISTIC TIME
measuring height
- normally with a stadiometer
- clients should remove shoes and stand upright with neutral spine against wall
- jawline parallel to floor
- for accuracy height should be taken at same time of day because 1-2cm can be lost throughout the day
measuring weight
- set of calibrated scales
- shoes removed + unnecessary layers of clothing
- subsequent should be taken same time of day and before any exercise or large meals
measuring bmi
weight (kg) / height m^2 underweight = <18.5 normal = 18.5 - 24.9n overweight = 25-29.9 obesity class I = 30 - 34.9 obesity class II = 35 - 39.9 obesity class III = >40
waist and hip measurements
waist-hip ratio seeks to establish how much mass is located around the abdomen relative to hips. if ratio is higher, risk of disease is greater
- usually measure with anthropometric tape, although can use a tailors tape.
- waist is narrowest point between umbilicus and sternum
- hips are widest point above fold of gluteals and below crest of pelvis
- to calculate the ratio, divide waist circumference by hip circumference.
if values exceed the following, risk of disease is increased:
men: >0.90
women: >0.85
also, increased waist circumference alone can be an indication of increased risk of disease- here are waist measurements that show increased risk:
men: >102cm
women: >88cm
measuring resting blood pressure
- nowadays measured using digital blood pressure cuff
- greater than 140/90 mmHg would be classified as high, and below 90/60 is low
- average is 120/80
measuring resting heart rate
average healthy resting heart rate would be 60-80 bpm
measuring body composition / body fat
variety of ways:
- skinfold assessment
- bioelectrical impedance analysis
- body scans
- hydrostatic weighing (underwater weighing)
