Cold war- Sputnick + missiles/ technology Flashcards

1
Q

Why was it a suprise for Russia to develop an A- Bomb

A
  1. WW2 devestation
  2. Lack of infastructure
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2
Q

How did Russia develop an A-bomb?

A
  1. Russia infilterated Manhattan project
  2. Fookes- did not believe America should have monopoly + gave designs to USSR.
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3
Q

What was the power of H-bomb?

A

-unlimited yeild.
-1000x as big as a A-bomb/ power of bomb dropped at hiroshoma.

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4
Q

When was the H-bomb tested and how many tonnes of TNT did it represent?

A
  • November 1952
  • 10M tonnes
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5
Q

Why was the Korean war seen as such as an issue for the Americans according to president Truman compared to Eissenhower?

A
  • ‘a communist invasion’
  • threatened nuclear action to deter russians.
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6
Q

Explain 2 instances where the Russians tested atomic bombs?

A
  1. Red army exercise- sent troops into radiated area + West continued in the pacific.
  2. Shrimp test
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7
Q

What was the consequences of Russian ‘shrimp’ bomb testing?

A
  1. Nuclear fallout larger than expected
  2. Lucky dragon- chinese fishing boat-radioactive fallout.
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8
Q

How did the US respond to continuing USSR bomb testing?

A

-Warned citizens- ‘duck, cover your neck, face the wall, bomb shelters in the garden’

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9
Q

At which convention did Eisenhower, Khrushchev + Bulganin meet at?

A

-the genova convention.

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10
Q

What was proposed at the genova convention?

A

-‘open skies policy’- freedom to fly, photograph, observe and exchange copies of millitary programmes.
-met with mutual suspicion

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11
Q

How did Khrushchev respond to the open skies policy?

A

‘you are simply trying to look into our bedrooms!’

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12
Q

What did the soviets try to show off at an air show?

A

-new bombers ‘bison’
-capable of flying nukes to the US- shocked Americans

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13
Q

How did Eisenhower respond to the Russian airshow?

A

-Doubled the b52 production.

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14
Q

What did the initial U2 bomber flights reveal about the missile gap and how did Russia respond?

A

-massive bomber gap in US’s favour.
-wanted to produce missiles like ‘sausages’

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15
Q

What was tested at Baikonour?

A

-ballistic missiles
-sputnick

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16
Q

What was Sputnick and what was the response overseas?

A
  • first space satellite
  • shock + America worried about technological advancement. (Winning space race).
17
Q

What was sputnick 2?

A
  • satellite contaning passanger (lyca the dog).
18
Q

What was the response of sputnick 2 from the US?

A
  • concern over missiles development
  • US pushed pwn satellite programme through.
  • called on navy to produce satellite vanguard.
19
Q

What happened to Sputnick 2?

A

-it burned up in the atmosphere
-national humiliation

20
Q

What was the response to the failure of Sputnick 2 in USSR?

A

-national defence education act

21
Q

What was the national defence education act?

A

-encouragement for students to take science and engineering courses.

22
Q

What technological advancement happened in 1959 Moscow?

A

-Nixon opened American national exhibition in Moscow- showing colour TV.
-Khrushchev was not impressed.

23
Q

What happened in 1959 and why was this significant in terms of the arms race?

A

-Khruschev went to US
-both said they would slow arms race/

24
Q

Who was Gary powers?

A

-selected to fly dangerous spy mission to try to find missiles.
-Americans used cover story of being drifted off course into soviet airspace.
-BUT.. had a silenced pistol + poison on plane.

25
Q

What was USSR’s response to the Gary powers incident?

A

-tough stance- wanted apology
-khruschev bursts out of Paris summit after Eisenhower only said he woul stop spy planes
-ruined plan of peaceful coexistance/

26
Q

Why was Khruschev concerned following the Gary powers incident?

A

-U2 flights had exposed capabilities as bluff.
-the nedelin disaster