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History A2 > Cold War- Mr Davis > Flashcards

Cold War- Mr Davis Flashcards

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1
Q

when was the Yalta conference?

A

February 1945.

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2
Q

what were the two ideologies within the Cold war?

A

Communism and Capitalism.

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3
Q

After WWII, what happened within Germany?

A

there was conferences such as Yalta and Potsdam, which were used to discuss what would happen in these countries. Germany was divided equally into half and so was Berlin.

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4
Q

how many sections was Berlin divided into?

A

4 quarters; one into Britain, the US, Russia and Poland.

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5
Q

why did the USSR see the US as a threat from 1945? give 5 reasons.

A 
atomic bomb.
fear of invasion by Stalin.
Truman Doctrine.
Marshall Plan.
Militarily knew the US were stronger after the war.
Personalities.
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6
Q

why did the US see the USSR as a threat? 5 reasons

A

soviet expansion.
influencing Europe- pushing further into Europe.
size of the red army and their position in Europe.
by 1949, they also have nuclear weapons.
Personalities of Stalin.

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7
Q

what were the aims of the US after WWII? (1945) 3 reasons..

A

.. access raw materials and the freedom to trade throughout the world.
..continue the alliance with Britain and the USSR after the war, as they were allies.
..the creation of the UN (united nations).
..wanted Germany to become capitalist.

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8
Q

what were the aims of the USSR after WWII? (1945) give 3 reasons..

A

..security from further invasion e.g. fear of atomic bomb.
..creation of friendly pro-soviet regimes in Eastern Europe.
..gaining Germany territorial gains could lead to gaining Poland, Romania and surrounding countries, also used as buffer zones.

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9
Q

why did the Cold War develop after 1945? give 10 reasons.

A 
expansionism of Communism.
personalities of the leaders.
Marshall plan. 
nuclear threat.
NATO.
iron curtain speech.
conferences. e.g. Yalta.
The collapse of Germany.
ideological differences.
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10
Q

what happened in the Far East in 1950?

A

Korea and Vietnam war.

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11
Q

in the Korean war who was seen to be the aggressor?

A

the North (communist forces) as they invaded the South 25th June 1950, without any conflict before this events.

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12
Q

explain why the role of the “aggressive nature of the communist groups” led to the developing in the Far-East?

A

.

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13
Q

name the US presidents in order? (1945+)

A

Roosevelt, Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy,

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14
Q

why did the CW develop after 1945? (give 5 reasons)

A 
conferences- Yalta and Potsdam.
nuclear threat.
the collapse of Germany.
both countries wanting to expand their influence.
Paranoia of Stalin.
Personalities.
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15
Q

what was the Yalta conference?

A

was held after WWII, in 1945.

it was a conference between the superpowers at the time, to discuss what would happen with Germany.

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16
Q

name 5 events between the years 1945-50?

A

conferences
iron curtain speech
defeat on Japan.
Truman Doctrine
Personalities of Stalin and Roosevelt/Truman.
the long telegram- Kennan spying on the USSR.
use of buffer zones, germany etc.

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17
Q

significance of the Korean War? (1950-53) 7 reasons at least.

A

first direct conflict since WWII.
the country became liberalized, the USSR took the north and the West took the south.
use of the domino theory
containment of communism.
USSR and communism, seen as the aggressors as they attacked the south first. (June 25th 1950).
UN support, 16 countries came and helped.
Hardened US foreign policy.
Personalities
Economic and Social cost.

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18
Q

events under Truman? (1945-51)

A 
Truman doctrine
beginning of Korean war
Marshall plan
conferences
iron curtain speech by Churchill.
the Long telegram.
Fall of china to communism, after the Civil war.
Berlin Blockade
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19
Q

how far was the US responsible for the development of the cold war to 1953?

A

.

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20
Q

what are the 3 historical schools?

A

traditional= it was their fault.
revisionist= is was your fault.
post revisionist= it was a misunderstanding and both their faults.

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21
Q

what was the Berlin Blockade and when?

A

.

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22
Q

why was Stalin paranoid? (give 4 reasons)

A

.

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23
Q

cause of the arms race? (1949-1963) give 5 reasons.

A 
personalities.
increased nuclear power and supplies.
the delivery system.
Cuban missile crisis
nation and personal interests
domestic factors
the growth of international tensions.
berlin blockade
U-2
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24
Q

name 3 factors for the domestic reasons in the arms race?

A

the arms race in the US allowed a huge sum of money to manufactures, scientists and armed forces..
social and political factors.
the USSR also increased armed forces, as the threat was restored.

25
Q

Eisenhower (1953-61) give 3 events which showed him being ‘co existence’?

A 
ceasefire on Korea (1953)
Geneva summit (July 1955) 
Hungarian Uprising (1956)
26
Q

Eisenhower (1953-61) give 3 reasons which showed signs of him being confrontational?

A

spending on nuclear power.
Korea alittle
berlin crisis.

27
Q

list the year the American presidents were in power?

A

Truman (1945-51) Eisenhower (1952-61) Kennedy (1961-63) Ni

28
Q

name 5 events that happened under Harry Truman? (1945-52)

A 
.. Truman doctrine (1947)
.. marshall plan established (1948)
.. Iron curtain speech (1946)
.. Korean war (1950-53)
.. Long telegram (1946)
.. Conferences (February 1945)
.. China fell to communism (1949)
.. Czechoslovakian crisis (1948)
29
Q

Which president got America out of the Korean war?

A

Dwight Eisenhower in 1953.

30
Q

in which war were the UN most affective?

A

Korean war, all the 16 countries supplied troops and aid to start South Korea and America.

31
Q

name 6 events that happened under Eisenhower? (1952-61)

A 
..Geneva summit (1955)
..End of the Korean war (1953)
.. Joseph stalin died (1953)
.. Hungarian uprising (1956)
..Spending on nuclear warfare (1952-61)
.. Vietnam war, he sent troops into Vietnam.
.. Brinkmanship.
.. Paris Summit (1960) to discuss the U-2 incident.
32
Q

Who was most responsible for creating the nuclear arms race and increasing nuclear spending?

A

Eisenhower.

33
Q

name 3 events where Eisenhower showed signs of being “Confrontational”?

A

.. increasing in nuclear spending.

..

34
Q

list 3 events where Eisenhower showed signs of being “Co- existence”?

A

.. Geneva summit (1955) he showed signs of getting along with Khrushchev and co-operating with what he wanted.
.. Hungarian uprising (1956) Khrushchev wanted to take over Hungary, it was in their zone of influence but Eisenhower was clever and did not have any direct
contact.
.. Ceasefire on Korea (1953)
.. Berlin crisis (1953)

35
Q

Name 4 events that happened under Kennedy? (1961-1963)

A 
.. the Cuban missile crisis (1962)
.. Berlin wall constructed (1961)
.. Assassinated (1963)
.. The bay of pigs invasion (1961)
.. arms race continued after Eisenhower (1961-63)
36
Q

why was Joseph Stalin paranoid as a leader and what was his foreign policy? (1930-53)

A

//

37
Q

Name 5 events that happened under Stalin? (1930-53)

A 
..WWII (1939-45)
.. His pact with Hitler (1939)
.. Taking over China (1949)
.. died of illness (1953)
.. Korean war, sending supplies to support the north (195-53)
..
38
Q

what was the Czechoslovakian crisis? (1948)

A

where Stalin and Communism, took over the last remaining democratic government that was in East Europe, they fell. this increased tensions.

39
Q

Assess the use of nuclear weaponry, list 5 reasons?

A

..huge fear for the USSR, before and after the CW.
.. the USSR believed they would attack them, as they did on Japan in 1945.
.. was a sign of wealth and power, it was used for the fear factor but never actually came into place.
.. was the basis of Eisenhower’s New look policy.
.. both the US/USSR believed they were “MAD” enough to blow up the world.

40
Q

Causes of the arms race? give 3 main reasons..

A

…the growth of international tensions; substitute for a war and also both sides became vulnerably because of A-Bomb and H-Bomb.
… National and personal consideration;

… Domestic factors;

41
Q

what was the Cuban missile crisis? (1962)

A

where the USSR under Khrushchev was trying to supply nuclear weapons to cuba to try and blow up the US. Cuba was only 200 miles away from America and fell to communism. USSR send ships to supply cuba with tanks, guns etc. it did not work out and Kennedy was seen to be the HERO.

42
Q

what were Kennedy’s 2 options to stop Cuban missile crisis? (1962)

A

1st- was to hit them front on, sending troops to Cuba to stop the bases being made and prevent them exploding.
2nd- stop the supplies coming into Cuba by blocking the sea with US ships.

43
Q

what year did Khrushchev leave the USSR and Communism?

A

after the Cuban missile crisis incident, the people of the USSR did not believe he was a good leader so was got kicked in 1964.

44
Q

what was the Berlin Crisis of 1958-62?

A

further disagreements between Kennedy/Eisenhower and Khrushchev. They met in June 1961 in the Geneva summit to discuss what was going to happen with Germany. The USSR leader wanted it to become free.

45
Q

why was the Berlin wall created and when?

A

1961- it was created to stop the movement of East Berlin refugees coming into Western Europe. East Berlin government decided to build the wall. It was a physical symbol that showed the “iron curtain” put into place.

46
Q

what was brinkmanship and who used this policy?

A

Eisenhower and Brinkmanship is a term coined during the Cold War to describe the tactic of seeming to approach the verge of war in order to persuade one’s opposition to retreat. e.g. Cuban missile crisis.

47
Q

what was NATO?

A

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949.

48
Q

What was the UN?

A

The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was established on 24 October 1945. it was 16 countries that would support one another.

49
Q

Name 5 events under Khrushchev? (1953-64)

A

(1962) Cuban missile crisis
(1961) pay of bigs
(1960) Paris summit, discussed issues with the U-2 incident.
(1953) Stalin’s death, adapted their foreign policy.

50
Q

Why was Khrushchev different to Stalin, give 3 reasons?

A

.. changed Communist foreign policy from expansionism and the aggressive nature to co- existence, where both the West and East would get along with each other.
.. He wanted to “de-stalinise” Russia, wanted to reduce the fear within the people that they are now okay under this leader.

51
Q

from 1950-62, name several nuclear weaponry events or items?

A

..1956- first US bomber created (B-52)
..1956- The USSR copied the US with the (TU-20)
.. 1957- USSR won the space race.
.. 1960- US deployed first submarine based missile.
.. 1961- USSR sent the first man into space.
.. 1962- Cuban missile crisis.

52
Q

give 5 points you know about the sino-soviet relationship? (1949-70)

A

… china fell to communism in 1949.
… treaty of friendship signed in 1950 between Mao and Khrushschev.
… Mao wanted to become the leader of communism after stalin died in 1953.
… Mao and Khrushchev had very different believes about Communism,
… The first contact they had with one another was the Korean war (1950-53) where stalin supplied goods to china.

53
Q

Sino soviet; (Unit 6)- The different believes of communism for Mao and Khrushchev?

A

Mao- wanted to expand Communism by force, he wanted to create buffer zones. (expansionist policy)
Khrushchev- wanted to create buffer zones in order to protect the USSR from invasion (protective policy)

54
Q

what was the 1950 “treaty of friendship” for Sino-soviets?

A

the USSR gave China $300 million to spend on re-building their economy after the civil war.
soviet assistance if china got attacked by either Japan or the USSR.
help re-build their infrasture and give them money to fund their defensive industries.

55
Q

give 5 factors after China from 1949-60? (Unit 6- Sino soviet)

A

great leap forward…
great depression..
personality of Mao..
What Mao wanted..

56
Q

what happened at the Ussuri River in 1969 and why was this a turning point for Sino-soviet relations?

A

.

57
Q

when the USSR took over czechoslovkia in 1968, how did this affect relations with China?

A

.

58
Q

why did relations between the USSR and China start to collapse at the end of the 1960’s?

A

.

59
Q

with the Sino-soviet relationship, why did Mao suggest it was “unequal treaties”?

A

.

History A2 (7 decks)

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