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STUDY TIME!! (2nd Sem) > Cold War Flashcards > Flashcards

Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

Cold War was said to be:

A

a struggle over political diffs carried on by means short of military action/war

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2
Q

Cold War rlly was:

A

a struggle to see if the political ideas of democracy/communism would rule the world!

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3
Q

during WWII who were uneasy allies?

A

USA & Soviet Union

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4
Q

Why did distrust grow between USA & Soviet Union?

A
  1. Soviet/German nonaggression pact - USA felt betrayed
  2. Allies delay in attacking Europe (D-Day)(USSR felt betrayed)
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5
Q

Yalta Conference - started by & what did they do?

A

Feb. 1945
Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt
Create a post-war peace!

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6
Q

What did the Yalta Conference do?

A
  1. agreed to divide Germany into 4 zones occupied by the French, British, USA, & the Soviet Union
  2. Stalin promised to give Eastern European countries free elections after the war
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7
Q

San Francisco Conference

A

Apr. 1945
The United Nations was established! NYC

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8
Q

What is the United Nations?

A

International peace-keeping organization that replaced the League of Nations

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9
Q

The United Nations make-up?…

A
  1. General Assembly
    (all countries allowed to be members)
  2. Security Council
    (5 permanent members & 6 rotating members)
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10
Q

Security Council - who were there members?

A

5 permanent: USA, China, Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, & 6 rotating members
(they had the real power) (Veto)

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11
Q

USA & Soviet Union had two diff postwar goals. what was Soviet’s?

A

Soviet Union was to shield itself from another invasion from the West!
They wanted to use Eastern Europe as that shield/buffer (wall of protection)

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12
Q

Postdam Conf. ended up doing…? - July 1945

A
  1. Stalin said he wasn’t going to allow free elections in Eastern Europe!
  2. He declared communism & democracy couldn’t exist in the same world!!
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13
Q

HOW & WHEN DID THE COLD WAR BEGIN?!

A

July 1945, because of the Postdam Conf.

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14
Q

By 1948…

A

The allies had given back their zones to the Germans as promised, EXCEPT FOR THE SOVIET UNION!!

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15
Q

Name of the two German states created…

A
  1. Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany)
  2. German Democratic Republic (East Germany)
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16
Q

“Iron curtain”

A

(Winston Churchill) term that came to represent the division between communist Eastern Europe & democratic Western Europe

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17
Q

US foreign policy

A

“containment” - stopping the spread of communism & spreading democracy!

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18
Q

Truman Doctrine did what?

A

gave aid ($) & support to any country in the Middle East that resisted & restricted communism (Greece & Turkey)

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19
Q

Marshall Plan was?…

A

an assistance program to rebuild Western Europe after the war ($12.5 bil)

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20
Q

What was the only requirement in the Marshall plan?

A

Stay away from communism!!

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21
Q

Who was the Marshall plan named after?

A

Secretary of State: George Marshall

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22
Q

USA offered the Marshall plan to who & what happened?

A

to the Soviet Union & Eastern Europe.
SOVIETS REFUSED!

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23
Q

Berlin Airlift in what year?

A

1948

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24
Q

Berlin Airlift

A

Soviet Union demanded Berlin! They set up a blockade around West Berlin & they faced starvation!

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25
Q

Who helped West Berlin, and how?

A

Americans & British airlifted food & supplies to the ppl for the next 11 months

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26
Q

What was the 1st conflict in Cold War?

A

Soviets gave up & lifted the blockade around West Berlin in 1949

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27
Q

what two rival alliances formed during the Cold War?

A
  1. NATO
  2. Warsaw Pact
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28
Q

What was always being said during the Cold War?

A

There was always a threat of a nuclear war!

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29
Q

NATO… what is it?

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organization led by the USA, Canada, & Western Europe

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30
Q

Warsaw Pact…?

A

led by the Soviet Union & Eastern Europe

31
Q

H-Bombs

A

(Hydrogen Bombs) that were thousands of times more powerful than A-Bombs (atomic)

32
Q

“Brinkmanship”

A

willingness to go to the brink, or edge of war created huge tension between the 2 superpowers!

33
Q

What happened for the next 40 years?

A

An Arms Race (build up of nuclear weapons)

34
Q

Why did the Space Race happen?

A

it was a race to see who’d get space first to launch weapons from space!

35
Q

Space Race

A
  1. 1957 - Soviets created 1st ICBM
  2. 1957 - Soviets launched Sputnik I
  3. 1957 - Soviets launch dog into space (1st living thing)
  4. 1958 - USA launches ExploresI
  5. 1960 - USA launched 1st spy planes (U-2s)
  6. 1961 - Soviets launched Yuri Gagarin
  7. 1961- USA launches Allen Sheppard into space
  8. 1962 - USA - John Glenn
  9. 1969 - USA - Neil Armstrong & Buzz Aldrin
36
Q

what does ICBM stand for ..?

A

(Interncontinental ballistic missile)

37
Q

Sputnik:

A

the 1st unmanned satellite in space

38
Q

1st communication satellite

A

ExploresI

39
Q

1st man in space!?

A

Yuri Gagarin

40
Q

1st man to orbit the Earth

A

John Glenn

41
Q

who were the first men to step on the moon?

A

Neil Armstrong & Buzz Aldrin

42
Q

What was the Red Scare/Red Hunt?

A

1950’s
Fear that the communists had infiltrated spies into the US gov.

43
Q

What year was the Berlin Wall built? & what did it do?

A

1961
- hundres of thousands of East Berliners fled to the west (young & talented) to escape communism
- Soviet Union built a wall up over night to keep people in!
- the wall divided East & West Berlin

44
Q

When do communists take over Cuba

A

1959

45
Q

Fidel Castro was greatly conquered by…

A

USA

46
Q

Bay of Pigs Invasion.. what is it?

A
  • Pres. John F. Kennedy gave approval to an overthrow of the communist gov.
  • CIA trained Cuba & failed miserably
  • Cuba turned to Soviet Union for protection
47
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis

A

Nikita Khrushchev placed several nuclear missiles in Cuba - all pointed towards USA!
- Kennedy commanded they be removed
- USA set up blockade
- Brink of nuclear war! 13 days!
- Soviet Union backed off

48
Q

Cuban Missile is…

A

The closest we ever came to a nuclear war

49
Q

Kennedy assassinated in ____
Who was his killer?

A

1963, by Lee Harvey Oswald

50
Q

End of the Cold War (2 events)

A
  1. Fall of the Berlin Wall - 1989
  2. Fall of the Soviet Union - 1990
51
Q

Nikita Khrushchev

A

Soviet Leader

52
Q

Communist Revolution in China

A

B4 WWII, the Chinese were in the middle of a bitter Civil War, but put it on hold during WWII to fight off common enemy (Japan)

53
Q

____ vs. ____ in China’s bitter Civil War

A

the communists forces vs. democratic forces

54
Q

Nationalist (democratic) forces were led by:

A

Jiang Jieshi

55
Q

Communist forces were led by:

A

Mao Zedong

56
Q

who supported Nationalists, and who supported the Communists?

A
  • USA supported Nationalists
  • Soviet Union supported the Communists
57
Q

who won China’s bitter Civil War & Why?

A

The Communist forces won (1949) bc they were much better trained & had the support of the peasant population (Promises free land)

58
Q

What happened to the Nationalists after China’s bitter Civil War?

A
  • They were forced to flee China
  • they settled on the island of Formosa AKA Taiwan
59
Q

Who did Communist China take by force?

A

Tibet in 1950 (brutal takeover)

60
Q

Dalai Lama

A

The spiritual & political leader of Tibet was forced into exile

61
Q

“The Great Leap Forward”

A

Attempt to modernize China

62
Q

The state/Mao seized all land from landlords & …

A

Stated state controlled collective farms called communes
- most peasants were taken of the farms & forced to work in factory production!

63
Q

Why did “The Great Leap Forward” fail?

A

There were not enough farmers to produce food!

64
Q

What were the results of “The Great Leap Forward”

A

The Famines killed over 30 million people!

65
Q

The Cultural Revolution’s goal:

A

to establish a society of peasants & workers in which all were equal

66
Q

The life of the mind:

A

The Intellectuals, artists, educated were dangerous

67
Q

The Cultural Revolution emphasized:

A

the hands - hard work!
- they closed all schools

68
Q

Purge the country of the “Four Olds” (4)

A
  1. Old thoughts
  2. Old culture
  3. Old customs
  4. Old habits
69
Q

Red Guards:

A

former high school & college students who formed military units to enform the revolution

70
Q

How many ppl died from persecution?

A

about 5 - 8 million ppl!

71
Q

How did the Purge of the country get carried away & how did it end?

A

Chaos ensued & ended/w with the death of Mao Zedong

72
Q

What happened to Korea after WWII?

A

It was divided into North & South

73
Q

How/WHy was Korea divided?

A

-USA occupied south & introduced democracy
- Soviet Union occupied the north & forced communism on the ppl
- It was divided along the 38th parallel

74
Q

Korean War

A

STUDY TIME!! (2nd Sem) (5 decks)

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