Cold war chapter 1 Flashcards
Who was president from 1933 to 1945?
Franklin D Roosevelt
Who was president from 1945 to 1953?
Truman
Who was president from 1953 to 1961?
Eisenhower
Who was president from 1961 to 1963?
Kennedy
Who were the leaders of the big three in ww1?
Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin
What were the agreements of the Tehran conference and when was it?
November 1943, they agreed to open a second front on Germany to alleviate pressure on the eastern front, agreed to make Germany weak after the war and Stalin wanted to keep some Polish land
What were the agreements of the Yalta conference and when was it?
February 1945, Germany to be split into 4 zones, pay £20bn in reparations, half to USSR, UN established, Stalin agreed to join was against Japan
What were the agreements of the Potsdam conference and when was it?
July-August 1945, German economy to run as a whole, Berlin to be divided into 4 zones
What were the disagreements of the Tehran conference and how did that affect relations?
Churchill wanted to open a second front in the Balkans but Roosevelt sided with Stalin. Relations were still very positive
What were the disagreements of the Yalta conference and how did that affect relations?
Tensions between Stalin and Churchill as Stalin expected that elections in Poland would bring forth a communist government, Still somewhat positive relations
What were the disagreements of the Potsdam conference and how did that affect relations?
Truman and Attlee had poor relations with Stalin, Truman delayed conference until USA had built a nuclear bomb, Stalin wanted heavy reparations and Truman did not, disagreements over borders, Truman and Attlee opposed communism
What was the Kennan and Novikov long telegram?
The USA and USSR sent ambassadors to each others’ countries for spying. They each sent telegrams back to their country saying that the other country was threatening their political ideals and would use military force to defend them if necessary.
What was the Iron Curtain speech?
Churchill made a speech in the USA stating that he thought that the Soviet union was a threat to freedom and world peace and that there was a metaphorical divide in Europe caused by communism.
What were some of the satellite states?
Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland
What was a satellite state?
A country used as a buffer zone to the USSR, which was heavily influenced and controlled by it.
What and when was the Truman doctrine announced?
12th March 1947, Truman announced that the US would provide aid to Greece and Türkiye to fight against communism, speaking of freedom from oppression and communism
What was the Marshall plan?
The US gave $12.7 billion in aid to European countries between 1948 and 1952 to prevent the spread of communism out of misery and want
What was dollar imperialism?
Stalin believed that the US were attempting to exert control over and buy the favour of European countries
What was cominform?
An organisation established by Stalin in 1947 which gave him a way to control the governments of the satellite states, encouraging communism, allegiance to Moscow and discouraged contact with non communist countries
What was comecon?
The USSR’s response to Marshall aid- gave financial aid to the satellite states and discouraged trade with the West
What caused the first Berlin crisis?
The allied forces created Trizonia and established the Deutschmark to give Trizonia economic unity
When was the Berlin crisis?
June1948 until May 9th 1949
What was the Berlin blockade?
Stalin cut off land routes and some air corridors to Berlin to show USA, Britain and France that a divided Germany was ineffective
How did USA, Britain and France react to the Berlin blockade?
They launched operation Vittles, where coal, food and other supplies were flown in along the air corridors as they knew that any attempt to shoot them down would be an act of war. Civilians helped unload planes and The British and the Americans flew 1000 tonnes of supplies every day
What were the consequences of the Berlin crisis?
formation of East and West Germany, with each country failing to recognise the other, creation of NATO and the Warsaw pact
What was NATO?
the USA and 11 Western European countries formed a defensive military alliance in April 1949
What was the Warsaw pact?
formed in 1955 in response to West Germany joining NATO, the Warsaw pact was a defensive military alliance of USSR affiliated countries that later became known as the Eastern bloc
When was the atomic bomb developed for each side?
USA-1945, USSR-1949
When was the hydrogen bomb developed for each side?
USA-1952, USSR-1953
When was the ICBM developed for each side?
USA-1957, USSR-few months later in 1957
How did the increased military threat affect relations?
Increased tensions but acted as a deterrent to avoid mutually assured destruction
What led to and caused the Hungarian uprising?
lack of freedom, poor harvests, riots in Budapest, Nagy replaced Rakosi as leader and made some reforms to improve personal freedoms, November 1st 1956, he announced Hungary’s departure from the Warsaw pact
What was the Hungarian uprising?
In response to Nagy’s announcement, Khrushchev ordered an invasion of Hungary, 1000 tanks rolled into Budapest, some resisted and awaited Western support but no help came
What were the consequences of the Hungarian uprising?
Nagy was executed and replaced with Kadar and his communist government, radio stations encouraged resistance against communism in eastern Europe, Khrushchev gained confidence
