COLD WAR!!!!!!! Flashcards
bargaining power
different states or countries had qualities that the super power (USA) may want, eg suitable land for bases
problem with arguing that a superpower is able to impose its will on others
ignores the way that imperialism and cultural imperialism can be turned against the coloniser eg Spain is really playing America and exploiting it
The truman doctrine
1947- US would intervene to support any nation that was threatened by a takeover by an armed minority (fascism, communism)
Marshall Plan
by 1952, $13bil had been given to 14 countries. given to economically weak countries
turning point for US in western europe
korean war 1950
American government agreed that it was essential to develop Spains military potential for defence, and acquire facilities, such as air and naval bases. Led to Madrid Pact, US given air force bases and submarine pens, as well as supplying military and economic aid for the Franco regime
France at the end of WW2
weak and didn’t want a strong germany
asked for concessions but couldn’t influence USA or UK and were ignored eg European Coal Organisation agreement
France from 1950
wanted US and UK troop commitment to ease german threat
1954- voted down proposal for a European Defence Community, which meant that UK and USA compromised- supplied troops, and Germany renounced the manufacture of atomic, biological and chemical weapons
Italy at end of WW2
defeated Nazi ally and limited influence in world affairs (couldn’t get Trieste back)
US refused to help when Italy asked for control of it, in return for ratification of the EDC
Italy from 1947
US fear that italian CP will win power, threatening US oil supplies, and influence parts of n. africa eg egypt
Christian Democrats successfully used threat of communist takeover to win aid from US
Alcide De Gasperi visits U.S. in February 1947 and is treated as an equal, and gains a $100m loan. De Gasperi then supplies the CIA with the information it used to analyse the Italian case: shows how the CIA perhaps depends on other countries. He uses his new position to expel the Communists from government
Spain after WW2
worked with mussolini and Hitler, eg submarine fuelling stations for Germany
excluded from UN and NATO
Spain from 1950
US recognises strategic importance, value of bases, fear that if spain was economically/political unstable would leave to civil war
USA aid given to spain
Franco’s ‘pariah’ nation became the third biggest recipient in western Europe of U.S. aid. Gained around $1.4 billion between 1953-1961.
Franco’s control of economy
attempt by the USA to force open the Spanish economy: . March 1954, U.S. requests the Franco government to allow foreigners to own 51% of Spanish companies. The USA eventually drops this demand, from February 1956, the U.S. drops pressure in the wake of political unrest. U.S. then tries to force Franco to take anti-inflationary measures but in November 1956 he snubs these attempts. Unnerved, the U.S. adds another $20m to the $50m of aid earmarked for 1957.
Spain- impact of tourism
the Franco regime sought to exploit tourism as a means to counter ‘myths’ about the regime. Its declared intention to ‘turns tourists into propagandists for our nation’. By 1960s, spain had become one of the top four destinations in Europe for US tourists.
