14th century crisis Flashcards
crisis in greek
“turning point”
clear changes evidenced: attitudes to life and death
Tomb of Black Prince VS Tomb of John Fitzalan
FAMINE - climate change
europe cools down- “little ice age”, lasts for 7 years. failed harvests
vicious circle
FAMINE - Famine 1315-22
80-90%- hunger was fact of life.
Edward II couldn’t find bread in St Albans
10-25% of the population of many cities and towns died
consequences of the great famine
authority of the church undermined
europe more violent - acts punishable by death more common
population - no more growth
PLAGUE - symptoms
Boils in groin and armpits, fever, spots, spitting blood, death within 3-5 days
PLAGUE - peak
. peaking in Europe between 1347 and 1350 with 30–95 percent of the entire population killed
SOCIAL REVOLT - causes
increasing gap
declining incomes of the poor
rising inflation
religious backlashes
SOCIAL REVOLT - peasants revolt
- army of peasants marched on tower of london
peasants crushed, demands denied
marked breakdown of feudal system
SOCIAL REVOLT - jacquerie
- revolt of french pesantry as a reaction to widespread poverty
nobles then massacred thousands
SOCIAL REVOLT - lack of leadership
monarchy and aristocracy failed to ineffectively deal with uprisings and protect their lands
AVIGNON AND GREAT SCHISM
WAR - hundred years war
william conquer had invaded england in 1066, establishing french rule. Edward III then launched war
eg battle of crecy, english commoners slaughtered french knights, italians, swiss
WAR - background
revolts linked to warfare: weak leadership, high taxation (poll taxes in england)
WAR - poll tax
to fund war with france, everyone on the tax register pay 5p – lead to peasants revolt
WAR - cost
armies were expensive, increased cost by fighting abroad
conclusions
europe could have recovered from the plague in its first batch, but its return over next two centuries every decade had most impact in society
but after, europeans were more prosperous, competitive, nationalistic, intolerant , leading to GLOBAL EXPANSION
