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Cold War 5 Flashcards

Peaceful Coexistence

1
Q

How did the US intervene with Mossadeq’s (the Iranian Prime Minister) alleged links to communists in 1953?

A

A CIA orchestrated coup followed by reinstating the pro-US Shah

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2
Q

How did the US respond to the 1956 Suez Crisis?

A

The US sponsored a UN resolution for an immediate ceasefire and placed severe diplomatic/financial pressure on Britain, France and Israel to withdraw.

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3
Q

In 1949 the US created the Organisation of American States (OAS), what was this?

A

A commitment to preventing the spread of communism in South American countries.

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4
Q

When did Khrushchev give his “Secret Speech,” beginning the process of de-Stalinisation?

A

February 25th 1956

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5
Q

By 1956 how much of the USSR’s GDP was spent on military?

A

1/3

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6
Q

When did the Soviets test the Tsar Bomba (500x the size of Little Boy dropped on Hiroshima)?

A

October 30th 1961

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7
Q

What date did Khrushchev take office as leader of the USSR?

A

September 7th 1953

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8
Q

How much did US military spending increase, in parts due to NSC 68 and the Korean war?

A

12% of the GNP

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9
Q

What event regarding Western expansion into Europe concerned Khrushchev?

A

The FRG (West Germany) joining NATO in May 1955

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10
Q

When was the East German uprising?

A

June 1953

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11
Q

How many arrests were made in the East German uprising?

A

25,000

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12
Q

How many were killed during the East German uprising?

A

400

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13
Q

How did the US respond to the East German uprising?

A

Eisenhower sent food aid but did not interfere in any other way - showed rollback was hollow and also demonstrated American acceptance in the Soviets dealing with Europe

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14
Q

What caused the East German uprising?

A

Strikes in Berlin over unreasonable production quotas quickly spread to more than 400 other places.

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15
Q

When was the Austrian State Treaty signed?

A

May 15th 1955

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16
Q

What did the Austrian State Treaty do?

A

Austria was declared a neutral state and all occupying troops were removed from it.

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17
Q

When was the Geneva Summit and what was its significance?

A

July 1955 - the first time since Potsdam that the leaders of the US and USSR had met face to face since Potsdam in 1945

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18
Q

What happened at the July 1955 Geneva Summit?

A

There were no major agreements yet it signified a new level of cooperation from both sides.

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19
Q

Between what months were the Polish Strikes of 1956 held?

A

June - October

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20
Q

How were the 1956 Polish Strikes dealt with?

A

Khrushchev threatened Gomulka (Polish leader) with military action and said that he could continue to lead if he didn’t pass any reforms which threatened communism.

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21
Q

When did the Hungarian Uprising begin and end?

A

October 23rd - November 4th 1956

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22
Q

How many Soviet troops entered Hungary to squash the uprising?

A

60,000

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23
Q

How many Hungarians fled during the uprising?

A

200,000

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24
Q

How many were killed in the Hungarian uprising?

A

4,000

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25
How many Hungarian immigrants were allowed into the US following the uprising?
25,000
26
When was the Berlin ultimatum?
November 27th 1958
27
What was the Berlin ultimatum?
Khrushchev demanded the West to withdraw their troops from Berlin within 6 months to unite the city or else he would cut off West Berlin from receiving supplies
28
When did the West reject the ultimatum?
31st December 1958
29
When was the Camp David summit?
September 1959
30
What was the significance of the Camp David summit?
It was the first time a Soviet leader had been in the USA - Khrushchev visited Disneyland and met Marilyn Monroe
31
What was agreed upon at Camp David?
Zilch
32
What made the May 1960 Paris Summit difficult?
The USSR had shot down a U2 spy plane on May 1st and the pilot Gary Powers revealed the US were spying to the Soviets
33
When was the Vienna Summit?
June 1961
34
What made the Vienna Summit difficult?
The failed Bay of Pigs invasion two months prior put tensions high.
35
What did Khrushchev think of JFK?
He was too young and inexperienced to be President.
36
What did JFK do following the Vienna Summit?
Ordered a build up of NATO forces.
37
When did the Berlin Wall go up?
The night between August 12th-13th 1961.
38
Why was the Berlin Wall built?
Around 3.5 million East Berliners had fled due to poor living conditions (1/6 of the population) - many were academics (brain drain) - entire Leipzig University maths department left in the same night
39
When was the Checkpoint Charlie standoff?
October 27th-28th 1961
40
How many tanks were at Checkpoint Charlie?
10 US tanks, 10 Soviet tanks
41
When was the FRG equipped by NATO with nuclear arms?
1958
42
When did the US develop the first thermonuclear weapons?
1952
43
When did the USSR invent ICBMs (Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles)?
1957
44
By 1956, how many strategic bombers did the US have?
560
45
By 1956, how many strategic bombers did the USSR have?
60
46
By 1956, how many total warheads did the US have?
3057
47
By 1956, how many total warheads did the USSR have?
200
48
By 1960, how many strategic bombers did the US have?
550
49
By 1960, how many strategic bombers did the USSR have?
175
50
By 1960, how many ICBMs did the US have?
295
51
By 1960, how many ICBMs did the USSR have?
75
52
By 1960, how many SLBMs did the US have?
145
53
By 1960, how many SLBMs did the USSR have?
45
54
By 1960, how many total warheads did the US have?
20,343
55
By 1960, how many total warheads did the USSR have?
3,212
56
When did the USSR launch Sputnik (first satellite)?
October 1957
57
When was Sputnik II launched?
1958
58
What was the name and species of the first animal in space, launched with Sputnik II?
Laika the Dog
59
When was Explorer I launched (US satellite)?
January 1958
60
When was NASA founded?
July 1958
61
Who was the first man in space and when did he launch?
Yuri Gagarin - April 12th 1961

History: Cold War (10 decks)

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