Cold War 1 Flashcards
Origins of the Cold War
What were 3 aims of the USA and UK at the Yalta Conference?
1) Collective security under the UN (Founded in October 1945)
2) Germany to become a democratic nation
3) Global economic recovery through the IMF and World Bank
What were 3 aims of the USSR at the Yalta Conference?
1) European security through spheres of influence
2) Germany to remain weak indefinitely
3) Soviet economic recovery through German reperations
What was the Declaration on Liberated Europe and when was it signed?
A pledge that the liberated people of Europe would have a right to democratic elections and institutions. Signed at Yalta in February 1945.
What are the dates of the Yalta conference?
February 4th - February 11th 1945
What was agreed at Yalta?
1) Germany to be divided into 4 zones
2) Berlin divided similarly to Germany
3) Formal ratification of the UN
4) The USSR to gain 73,000km² of Eastern Polish land
5) Declaration of Liberated Europe to be created
1944 Percentages Agreement, who got what?
The USSR gained 90% of Romania
The UK gained 90% of Greece
Each side split Hungary 50/50
When did Harry Truman replace Franklin D Roosevelt?
April 12th 1945
When did Clement Atlee replace Winston Churchill?
July 5th 1945
What are the dates of the Potsdam conference?
July 17th - August 2nd 1945
When was the Project Trinity test?
5:30am, July 16th 1945
What was agreed at Potsdam?
1) Germany would be completely disarmed and demilitarised
2) There would be a ban on Nazi ideology
3) The German political system would be decentralised
4) Freedom of speech and press to be restored in Germany
5) The USSR would receive reparations from Germany
What were Truman’s aims at Potsdam?
1) An emphasis on national self determination for liberated countries
2) An open world trading system
3) Economic reconstruction through the IMF
What were Atlee’s aims at Potsdam?
To gain US protection from the oncoming Soviet expansion through Europe.
What were Stalin’s aims at Potsdam?
1) Total control over Eastern Europe
2) Intensified communist regimes in liberated countries
When was Kennan’s Long Telegram and what was its purpose?
The Long Telegram was sent to Truman in February 1946 and suggested he adopted a policy of containment regarding communism to avoid its spread.
When was Churchill’s Iron Curtain speech and what was its purpose?
On March 5th 1946 Churchill gave a speech warning of the expanding Soviet influence in Europe, declaring a metaphorical “iron curtain” had descended across the continent.
What percentage of votes were won by communists in the rigged Bulgarian election in October 1946?
76%
What percentage of votes were won by communists in the rigged Romanian election in November 1946?
80%
Which anti-communist Hungarian leader was arrested by the USSR for “conspiring against Soviet occupation”?
Bela Kovaks
What did the USSR tell Czechoslovakia to do in 1947 and how was this done?
The Czechs were told to refuse Marshall Aid and had “reactionary forces” (opponents of communism) expelled from government.
How much aid did the Greek anti-communist forces receive from the US during the Greek Civil War?
Approximately $400 million
When and where was The Truman Doctrine announced?
12th March 1947 to the US Congress.
What was the aim of The Truman Doctrine?
Truman pledged the US would support any country resisting Soviet expansion.
When was The Marshall Plan introduced and what was its aim?
The Marshall Plan, announced by US Secretary of State George Marshall on July 5th 1947, provided economic aid to European countries provided they would trade with the US and reject communism.
