cold war Flashcards
yatlta
a meeting between the superpowers of uk with Churchill usa with rosevelt and ussr with Starlin to discuss post-war agreements
agreements
- starlin would join war against japan
- divide germany and berlin into different parts
- hunt and prosecute nazi war criminals
only disagrement was that russia wanted to extend its border into Poland the other superpowers didn’t want this but said yes anyway
a good relationship at the time between the leaders and lead to big division of Europe mainly germany
postdam
a conference between the superpowers but with new leaders UK atlee, USA with Truman and USSR with starlin. USA tested out atomic bomb day before and told ussr
- starlin demanded money from germany 10million
- starlin wanted communism in the west of Europe aswell but USA declined
worsened tensions due to worsened relationship of leaders
iron curtain
in 1946 former Prime Minister Churchill said there was a divide between eastern communist Europe and capitalist Western capitalist Europe and and called the line in the middle the iron curtain
increased tensions as Churchill was once on russias sides and friends with starlin
- also showed a clear divide between the two sides in Europe moving away from being allies to opposition
truman doctrine
a policy designed by Americans president outlining that he doesn’t want communism to spread and he wants to contain it
- increased tensions as only a year earlier USA was willing for ussr to allow communism no don’t want It at all
- USA also shows a direct threat against communism and ussr
marshall plan
the USA giving countries around the world money if struggling post WW2 so they don’t need to turn to communism.
-USSR saw this as America trying to buy loyalty
- this was also America doing all they can to stop communism which angered Starlin and worsened the relationships between the two powers
128 billion in 2020 currency to mainly UK france and west germany
cominform
To try to prevent any eastern European countries applying for Marshall Aid, Stalin offered help and
support to eastern Europe by setting up two organisations,
comiform was was an alliance of European communist parties to help
them plan and to work together and spread Stalin’s ideas. It increased the control Stalin had over
these countries, and limited their independence
comecon
To try to prevent any eastern European countries applying for Marshall Aid, Stalin offered help and
support to eastern Europe by setting up two organisations,
was set up to coordinate the production and trade of
the eastern European communist countries. They were expected to trade with each other and not
the West. However, it favoured the USSR more than any of its other members.
berlin blockade
when Britain france and usa combined their parts of west berlin, USSR saw this as a threat from them and feared it. Britain, France and the USA had then introduced a new
currency called the ‘Deutsch mark’ to western Germany, which
was intended to help it become economically stronger.
In June 1948 Stalin cut off all road, rail and canal links to West Berlin –
the Berlin Blockade. The city only had 6 weeks supplies of food and fuel.
Stalin aimed to starve the 2 million inhabitants in West Berlin into
submission. He believed that Truman would either have to give up West
Berlin or go to war.
air lift
But the West responded with a massive airlift - food, fuel and supplies
were flown into Berlin for 10 months. Stalin dared no shoot down any
planes – it would be an act of war. Stalin called off the Blockade in May 1949
which humiliated starlin and a major proganda and general victory for capitalist countries
korea
After World War Two, Korea had been divided at the 38th parallel
into Soviet-backed communist North Korea lead by kim il sung,, and American-backed South Korea under the leadership In June 1950, with the support of China and the Soviet Union, North Korea launched an attack on South Korea
-in 1950 both sides felt they deserved to have the whole country then north Korea invaded the south was quickly took over
- later In 1950 USA suggested they should help the south and put it forward un and with ussr boycotting it they couldn’t say no and was passed
- forces from the UN mainly made up of USA and British forces pushed the north Korea forces back up. and in 1953 armastice signed and countries forever stayed divided into to two
first proxy war
space race
-1957 R first satellite
-1957 R first animal in space laika
-1961 R first human in space
-1969 US first human on moon
-1971 R first human crew space station
- increased tensions as both sides didn’t know what the other could be doing in space
- space technology used to make IBR which are missiles sent into space and down into a country
arms race
1945 atomic bomb for usa
1949 atomic bomb for ussr
1952 hydrogen bomb for USA 2500x more powerfull
1953 hydrogen bomb for ussr
made the war very dangerous but fear over mad stopped use of dangerous weapons
nato
formed in 1949 was a group of capitalist countries that To resist an attack by the USSR on the USA or its Allies in Western Europe based on the principle that an armed attack on one of its members was an attack on them all.
which made it dangerous has it would have a lot of countries involved if a war broke out making it almost certain of ww3 and lots of damages and deaths increasing tensions
warsaw pact
formed in 1955 in responce to west german joining nato
and there was to have a counter group of countries in the event of a war between ussr and USA increase tensions
hungray
after starlins death in 1949 hungrian people hoped their country would become more free, buy after many years Hungarian leader rakoski was hated and in 1956 protests began
-1956 protests begin with students and workers
- 1956 nrakoski overthrown
- Nagy appointed and made hungray more free and wanted to leave the Warsaw Pact
- later in 1956 10,000 Russian tanks invaded hungray to overthrow nagy but had to fight hungrian people
-4,000 Hungarians died
-200,000 Hungarians hade to fled
- nagy overthrown
- shown Khrushchev would use violence
