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History Edexcel IGCSE Essential Dates + Events > Cold War > Flashcards

Cold War Flashcards

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1
Q

Stalin’s Regime - US culture shock

A

5m died in famine after collectivisation of land
1936-38 = great terror, kamenev/zioniev and 1m others killed
20m put in concentration camps - 12m killed

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2
Q

Lenin vs Wilson 1917-18

A

Wilson’s 14 point Jan 1918
Vangaurd of the proleteriat Oct 1917

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3
Q

Civil War

A

1918-20 UK, USA, France support

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4
Q

Comintern

A

Created 1919 moscow
Lenin and zinoviev
Fund communist parties and revs

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5
Q

Pre-War USSR vs USA

A

Appeasment 1938 - gave Hitler sudetenland
Aug 1939 - Nazi-soviet pact
Sep 1939 - Poland invaded

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6
Q

Tehran conference

A

Nov-Dec 1943
D-day agreed, May 1944, USSR front in east

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7
Q

Percentage deal

A

Oct 1944
USSR vs UK
Hungary/Yugoslavia = 50/50
Romania = 90/10
Bulgaria = 75/25
Greece = 10/90

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8
Q

War tensions

A

Nov 1939 - Finland invaded by USSR
Removed from League of Nations Dec 1939
April 1943 - 10,000 officers dead by USSR in Katyn forest
Operation Barbarossa - June 1941 allies
Aug 1944 - USSR delay from helping Poland

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9
Q

WW2 losses

A

USSR 25m
USA 400,000

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10
Q

Yalta

A

Feb 1945
4 zones in germany
Poland West to Oder-Neisse line
Enter war with Japan 3 months after armactise with Germany
20bn reperations - 50% to USSR

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11
Q

Atomic Bomb

A

Jul 1945
Manhattan project from 1942
Dropped 6th and 9th aug

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12
Q

Potsdam

A

Jul-Aug 1945
War criminals killed - Nuremburg trials 1946
25% of all german industrial equipment to USSR in return for goods
Truman in April 1945

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13
Q

Iron Curtain

A

March 1946
Pravada compare Churchill to hitler in response

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14
Q

Takeover of Albania

A

Communist by 1945
USSR not involved

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15
Q

Takeover of Bulgaria

A

Nov 1945 - rigged elections
1946 - other leaders killed

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16
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

March 1947
Caused by Kennan telegram Feb 1946
Feb 1947 UK no longer help turkey, remove 40,000 troops
400 million dollars gived to Greece and Turkey to contain communism

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17
Q

Marshall Plan

A

March 1948
Caused by Cominform, Feb 1948 takeover of Czechoslovakia
13.7bn give from 1948-52 + 13bn before plan started

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18
Q

Cominform

A

Oct 1947
1943- Comintern stopped
Sep 1946 - Novikov’s telegram
By 1953 - 5% of Hungary imprisoned
2m communists striking in Nov 1947 shut down

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19
Q

Takeover of Yugoslavia

A

Tito accpeted aid from Marshall plan
But out of cominform 1948

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20
Q

NATO

A

April 1949
Brussels pact in response to czechoslovakia takeover March 1948 - wider talks
Caused by Berlin Blockade
Met first time sep 1949

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21
Q

Stalin + SED

A

20,000 SPD tortured
Febuary 1946 - forced to merge with KPD to create SED
HORRIFIC PERFORMANCE

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22
Q

stops sending reperations

A

May 1946 - general clay

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23
Q

Bizonia

A

July 1946 - Molotov demands 10bn
Merger of zones Jan 1947
Trizonia by March 1948
New currency Deutschmark

24
Q

Berlin Blockade

A

June 1948
Airlifts started July
90s rotation
Managed up to 13000 tonnes by April 1949
320,000 flights and 79 pilots die
Feb 1949 - stop exports

25
Q

USSR a-bomb

A

Aug 1949 first test

26
Q

FRG

A

Constitution May 1949
Elections in Aug 1949
CDU leader adenauer chancellor sep 1949

27
Q

GDR

A

KPD only 5.7% vote in western side
Stalin accepts new constitution by Ulbricht Oct 1949

28
Q

COMECON

A

Jan 1949
E germany joined 1950 - ecomomic division of germany
USSR got Polish coal for 10% market price

29
Q

NATO expansion

A

SEATO sep 1954 + CENTO feb 1955
1951 Greece and Turkey join (borders with USSR)
w germany remilitarised and joined NATO May 1955

30
Q

Arms spending

A

USA tripled
USSR army from 2.8m to 5.6m in 5 years
USA- by 1968 75bn
USSR 30% GDP- living standards behind

31
Q

Hydrogen Bomb

A

Nov 1952- USA
Aug 1953 - USSR

32
Q

Paranoia

A

Senator McCarthy 1950’s removed 7000 govt officials from jobs under impression they were communists
Communist party banned 1944
Physicist Fuchs arrested Mar 1950
Rosenburgs arrested July 1950
NSC-68

33
Q

Korea Pre-War

A

1948 - Kim II Sung one party state in north
President Syngman Rhee in south
USSR removed troops 1948
USA removed troops 1949

34
Q

Korean War Events

A

Kim II Sung crossed 38th parallel June 1950
UN send help to South - USSR unable to veto as boycotting UN from Jan 1950
Sep 1950 - early success from NK
Oct 1950 - UN forces arrive, USA help counter-attack
Feb 1951 - USSR supplies and 200000 chinese troops fight back
April 1951 - stalemate
Ended July 1951 with armastice
NK 1m killed
china 0.6m
sk 1.2m
un 37000

35
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

May 1955
e ger joined 1956

36
Q

Destalinisation

A

Krushchev Feb 1955 speech
Distrubuted by CIA June 1956

37
Q

Hungarian Uprising

A

Raovski brutal killed 2000
agriculture output lowest 1952
reyovski in charge apr 1955 + join Warsaw pact
oct 1956- demonstrations mean nagi put in charge
too many reforms= 200000 troops November into Hungary
2 weeks of fighting- 20000 Hungarians killed, 200000 flee
Nagi executed 1958
Hardline communist Kadar in charge November
200 anti-communists executed
Oct 1957- de stalinisation done

38
Q

U2 Crisis

A

flown over USSR from 1956
1 shot down May 1960
USA cover up - Gary Powers confess

39
Q

Paris conference

A

2 days long
DISASTER
May 1960
Krushchev denied further talks

40
Q

ICBMS

A

1957 first developed
by 1961- USA 22 000 nuclear weapons, USSR- 2500
USA- 57 ICBMS, USSR- 10

41
Q

Bay of Pigs

A

Castro control 1959- socialist
1960- arms from USSR- refused to buy sugar
Apr 1961- USA send 1,400 anti-Castros to Cuba
20000 Cuban troops crushed then

42
Q

Berlin Wall

A

1/5 of GDR (4m) flee
1953- 1m GDR in riots- 100 killed
Nov 1958- Berlin ultimatum
June 1961- Vienna summit- renewed ultimatum- JFK increased defence spending by 3.5m, Krushchev by 30%
Aug 1961- wall built in Berlin
Oct 1961- Checkpoint Charlie

43
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis

A

By Sep 62, thousands of Soviet weapons on Cuba
U2s discover nuclear missile sites in October and ships
22nd Oct- JFK blockade and requests withdrawl of missiles
24th Oct- ships reach blockade and turn around
27th Oct- JFK accepted to not attack Cuba if missiles were withdrawn- by Nov 62, US missiles were withdrawn from Turkey
contributed to Kruschchev fall of power Oct 1964, replaced by Brezhrnez

44
Q

Hotline

A

June 1963- used in Israel, India and Arab wars

45
Q

Vietnam war

A

from 1965- USA troops South Vietnam
USA poor- peace talks 1968
Cost: 170bn + 60 000 troops
Ended after talks from Oct 1972- Jan 1973

46
Q

Limited Test Ban Treaty

A

Aug 1963
113 signed after
led to 1974 threshold test ban treaty

47
Q

Outer Space Treaty

A

Jan 1967
Never been violatin in 50 years
Further treaties: rescue agreement 1968, space liability convention 1972, sea bed treaty 1971

48
Q

Nuclear non-proliferation treaty

A

July 1968
NWS keep weapons
signed by 62 countries
partial success

49
Q

Prague Spring

A

Oct 1967- protests mean Dubcek in power
Replaced Novotny- brutal and IDIOTA
Prague Spring reforms- June 1968- rival parties- FREEDOM
July 1968- Dubcek shut down opposition parties but insisted on reforms
Following Brezhenz ultimatium, 200,000 Warsaw pact troops invade Aug 1968
Reforms ended- protests in 1969, Jan Palach burnt himself
New leader Hussak in

50
Q

China

A

USA oppose creation of PRC- 1949, fought China in Korean war 1950- 53
First A bomb 1964
USSR- poor relations and fighting along border 1969

51
Q

Brezhnev doctrine

A

Sep 1968- justified Prague Spring

52
Q

SALT

A

May 1972
3 agreements: interim treaty (5 year freeze on missiles), anti-ballistic missile treaty (only 100 ABMs each)

53
Q

SALT 2

A

Ended 1977 dropped after USSR invade Afganistan in Dec 1979

54
Q

Chinese thaw

A

National security adviser Kisinger visits China July 1971, Oct 1971
Oct 1971- PRC on UN security council

55
Q

Beyond SALT

A

Space- Apollo Soyuz project - 1975
Trade- Sale of grain- July 1972, 750m in 3 years
Trade deal- Oct 1972

History Edexcel IGCSE Essential Dates + Events (4 decks)

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