Cold War Flashcards
Stalin’s Regime - US culture shock
5m died in famine after collectivisation of land
1936-38 = great terror, kamenev/zioniev and 1m others killed
20m put in concentration camps - 12m killed
Lenin vs Wilson 1917-18
Wilson’s 14 point Jan 1918
Vangaurd of the proleteriat Oct 1917
Civil War
1918-20 UK, USA, France support
Comintern
Created 1919 moscow
Lenin and zinoviev
Fund communist parties and revs
Pre-War USSR vs USA
Appeasment 1938 - gave Hitler sudetenland
Aug 1939 - Nazi-soviet pact
Sep 1939 - Poland invaded
Tehran conference
Nov-Dec 1943
D-day agreed, May 1944, USSR front in east
Percentage deal
Oct 1944
USSR vs UK
Hungary/Yugoslavia = 50/50
Romania = 90/10
Bulgaria = 75/25
Greece = 10/90
War tensions
Nov 1939 - Finland invaded by USSR
Removed from League of Nations Dec 1939
April 1943 - 10,000 officers dead by USSR in Katyn forest
Operation Barbarossa - June 1941 allies
Aug 1944 - USSR delay from helping Poland
WW2 losses
USSR 25m
USA 400,000
Yalta
Feb 1945
4 zones in germany
Poland West to Oder-Neisse line
Enter war with Japan 3 months after armactise with Germany
20bn reperations - 50% to USSR
Atomic Bomb
Jul 1945
Manhattan project from 1942
Dropped 6th and 9th aug
Potsdam
Jul-Aug 1945
War criminals killed - Nuremburg trials 1946
25% of all german industrial equipment to USSR in return for goods
Truman in April 1945
Iron Curtain
March 1946
Pravada compare Churchill to hitler in response
Takeover of Albania
Communist by 1945
USSR not involved
Takeover of Bulgaria
Nov 1945 - rigged elections
1946 - other leaders killed
Truman Doctrine
March 1947
Caused by Kennan telegram Feb 1946
Feb 1947 UK no longer help turkey, remove 40,000 troops
400 million dollars gived to Greece and Turkey to contain communism
Marshall Plan
March 1948
Caused by Cominform, Feb 1948 takeover of Czechoslovakia
13.7bn give from 1948-52 + 13bn before plan started
Cominform
Oct 1947
1943- Comintern stopped
Sep 1946 - Novikov’s telegram
By 1953 - 5% of Hungary imprisoned
2m communists striking in Nov 1947 shut down
Takeover of Yugoslavia
Tito accpeted aid from Marshall plan
But out of cominform 1948
NATO
April 1949
Brussels pact in response to czechoslovakia takeover March 1948 - wider talks
Caused by Berlin Blockade
Met first time sep 1949
Stalin + SED
20,000 SPD tortured
Febuary 1946 - forced to merge with KPD to create SED
HORRIFIC PERFORMANCE
stops sending reperations
May 1946 - general clay
Bizonia
July 1946 - Molotov demands 10bn
Merger of zones Jan 1947
Trizonia by March 1948
New currency Deutschmark
Berlin Blockade
June 1948
Airlifts started July
90s rotation
Managed up to 13000 tonnes by April 1949
320,000 flights and 79 pilots die
Feb 1949 - stop exports
USSR a-bomb
Aug 1949 first test
FRG
Constitution May 1949
Elections in Aug 1949
CDU leader adenauer chancellor sep 1949
GDR
KPD only 5.7% vote in western side
Stalin accepts new constitution by Ulbricht Oct 1949
COMECON
Jan 1949
E germany joined 1950 - ecomomic division of germany
USSR got Polish coal for 10% market price
NATO expansion
SEATO sep 1954 + CENTO feb 1955
1951 Greece and Turkey join (borders with USSR)
w germany remilitarised and joined NATO May 1955
Arms spending
USA tripled
USSR army from 2.8m to 5.6m in 5 years
USA- by 1968 75bn
USSR 30% GDP- living standards behind
Hydrogen Bomb
Nov 1952- USA
Aug 1953 - USSR
Paranoia
Senator McCarthy 1950’s removed 7000 govt officials from jobs under impression they were communists
Communist party banned 1944
Physicist Fuchs arrested Mar 1950
Rosenburgs arrested July 1950
NSC-68
Korea Pre-War
1948 - Kim II Sung one party state in north
President Syngman Rhee in south
USSR removed troops 1948
USA removed troops 1949
Korean War Events
Kim II Sung crossed 38th parallel June 1950
UN send help to South - USSR unable to veto as boycotting UN from Jan 1950
Sep 1950 - early success from NK
Oct 1950 - UN forces arrive, USA help counter-attack
Feb 1951 - USSR supplies and 200000 chinese troops fight back
April 1951 - stalemate
Ended July 1951 with armastice
NK 1m killed
china 0.6m
sk 1.2m
un 37000
Warsaw Pact
May 1955
e ger joined 1956
Destalinisation
Krushchev Feb 1955 speech
Distrubuted by CIA June 1956
Hungarian Uprising
Raovski brutal killed 2000
agriculture output lowest 1952
reyovski in charge apr 1955 + join Warsaw pact
oct 1956- demonstrations mean nagi put in charge
too many reforms= 200000 troops November into Hungary
2 weeks of fighting- 20000 Hungarians killed, 200000 flee
Nagi executed 1958
Hardline communist Kadar in charge November
200 anti-communists executed
Oct 1957- de stalinisation done
U2 Crisis
flown over USSR from 1956
1 shot down May 1960
USA cover up - Gary Powers confess
Paris conference
2 days long
DISASTER
May 1960
Krushchev denied further talks
ICBMS
1957 first developed
by 1961- USA 22 000 nuclear weapons, USSR- 2500
USA- 57 ICBMS, USSR- 10
Bay of Pigs
Castro control 1959- socialist
1960- arms from USSR- refused to buy sugar
Apr 1961- USA send 1,400 anti-Castros to Cuba
20000 Cuban troops crushed then
Berlin Wall
1/5 of GDR (4m) flee
1953- 1m GDR in riots- 100 killed
Nov 1958- Berlin ultimatum
June 1961- Vienna summit- renewed ultimatum- JFK increased defence spending by 3.5m, Krushchev by 30%
Aug 1961- wall built in Berlin
Oct 1961- Checkpoint Charlie
Cuban Missile Crisis
By Sep 62, thousands of Soviet weapons on Cuba
U2s discover nuclear missile sites in October and ships
22nd Oct- JFK blockade and requests withdrawl of missiles
24th Oct- ships reach blockade and turn around
27th Oct- JFK accepted to not attack Cuba if missiles were withdrawn- by Nov 62, US missiles were withdrawn from Turkey
contributed to Kruschchev fall of power Oct 1964, replaced by Brezhrnez
Hotline
June 1963- used in Israel, India and Arab wars
Vietnam war
from 1965- USA troops South Vietnam
USA poor- peace talks 1968
Cost: 170bn + 60 000 troops
Ended after talks from Oct 1972- Jan 1973
Limited Test Ban Treaty
Aug 1963
113 signed after
led to 1974 threshold test ban treaty
Outer Space Treaty
Jan 1967
Never been violatin in 50 years
Further treaties: rescue agreement 1968, space liability convention 1972, sea bed treaty 1971
Nuclear non-proliferation treaty
July 1968
NWS keep weapons
signed by 62 countries
partial success
Prague Spring
Oct 1967- protests mean Dubcek in power
Replaced Novotny- brutal and IDIOTA
Prague Spring reforms- June 1968- rival parties- FREEDOM
July 1968- Dubcek shut down opposition parties but insisted on reforms
Following Brezhenz ultimatium, 200,000 Warsaw pact troops invade Aug 1968
Reforms ended- protests in 1969, Jan Palach burnt himself
New leader Hussak in
China
USA oppose creation of PRC- 1949, fought China in Korean war 1950- 53
First A bomb 1964
USSR- poor relations and fighting along border 1969
Brezhnev doctrine
Sep 1968- justified Prague Spring
SALT
May 1972
3 agreements: interim treaty (5 year freeze on missiles), anti-ballistic missile treaty (only 100 ABMs each)
SALT 2
Ended 1977 dropped after USSR invade Afganistan in Dec 1979
Chinese thaw
National security adviser Kisinger visits China July 1971, Oct 1971
Oct 1971- PRC on UN security council
Beyond SALT
Space- Apollo Soyuz project - 1975
Trade- Sale of grain- July 1972, 750m in 3 years
Trade deal- Oct 1972
