Cognitive Terms

Question 1

Longitudinal Study

Answer 1

Repeated observations of the same variable.

Question 2

Quasi-experimental Design

Answer 2

An empirical interventional study used to estimate the causal impact of an intervention on target population without random assignment.

Question 3

Semantic Memory

Answer 3

Semantic memory refers to general world knowledge that we have accumulated throughout our lives.

Question 4

Procedural Memory

Answer 4

The conscious memory of skills and how to do things.

Question 5

Anchoring Bias

Answer 5

Anchoring or focalism is a cognitive bias where an individual relies too heavily on an initial piece of information offered.

Question 6

Confabulation

Answer 6

A memory error which produces fabricated, distorted, or misinterpreted memories about oneself or the world.

Question 7

Schema Theory

Answer 7

The schema theory assumes that people give meaning to new experiences by fitting them to mental representations (schemas) previously stored in long-term memory.

Question 8

Availability Heuristic

Answer 8

A mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person’s mind when making a decision.

Question 9

System 1 Thinking

Answer 9

Intuitive, automatic, quick and requiring limited effort, influenced by biases.

Question 10

System 2 Thinking

Answer 10

Rational, goal directed, requires intentional effort and time, analyses/controls for biases.