Cognitive, Social and Physical Development of a Child Flashcards
What does cognitive refer to?
Refers to thinking and processing information
What might lead a child to not grow at the rate they are main to?
- Malnutrition
2. Child may not be utilisation nutrition correctly eg has an endocrine abnormality
How can growth be measured
- Height
- Weight
- Length (In new borns)
- BMI
What measurements are taken of a new born
- length in cm
- Weight in g and kg
- Circumference of their head
How is a Childs growth checked
Using growth charts
What are growth charts split into?
Standard centiles
What does BMI stand for
Body mass index
How is BMI calculated
Weight(kg)/ height^2 (cm)
Talk though the differences in an adults and a Childs skull
- Infants skull is larger than lower face due to CNS but as they get older mandible and face grows with function
- Orbits in infants are around 1/5th of the fave height but 1/6th in an adult
By how much does the circumference of the skull change from child to adult
33cm at 2 years to 47cm when an adult
Till what age does the mandible grow till
Grows till age of 15
How is skull growth measures
Measurements of the maximum occipito frontal diameter taken till the child is 24 months
What helps form the shape of the mandible
The eruption and formation of teeth
Name the theory we use to assess cognitive development of a child
Piagets theory
What does Piaget theory explain
Explains the normal stages of intellectual development children go through from birth to adult hood
Name the 4 stages of piagets theory with the ages he believes they occur at
- Sensorimotor (0-18/24mths)
- Pre operational (18 months -7 yrs)
- Concrete operational (7-11yrs)
- Formal operational (11yrs-adulthood)
When does the sensorimotor stage occur
0-18/24mths
When does the Pre operationa stage occur
18 months -7 yrs
When does the Concrete operational stage occur
7-11yrs
When does the Formal operational stage occur
11yrs-adulthood
What is a criticism of piagets work
He didn’t take into account external factors that may hinder a Childs ability to pass through the stages eg neglect, cultural and religious differences
Other than physical growth what else do paediatricians look at?
A Childs functional development
Name the 4 parts of functional development a paediatrician may look at
- Gross motor
- Vision and fine motor
- Social, emotional and behavioural
- Hearing, speech and language
What would the gross motor skills of a new born be
Flexed posture
What would the vision and fine motor skills of a new born be
Fixed gaze and follows faces
What would the Social, emotional and behavioural skills of a new born be
Smiles at 6ish weeks
Communicates by crying
What would the hearing, speech and language skills of a new born be
Stills to voice
Startled by loud noises
What would the gross motor skills of a 7 month old be
Sits up with support
Bottom shuffling or crawling
What would the vision and fine motor skills of a 7 month old be
Turns head to voices
Babbles
What would the Social, emotional and behavioural skills of a 7 month old be
Finger feeding
Fear of strangers
What would the hearing, speech and language skills of a 7 month old be
Transfer objects from hand to hand
What would the gross motor skills of a 1 year old be
Standing independently
What would the vision and fine motor skills of a 1 year old be
1-2 words
Understands names
What would the Social, emotional and behavioural skills of a 1 year old be
Pointing
Waving
Peek a book
Drinks from a cup with 2 hands
What would the hearing, speech and language skills of a 1 year old be
Pincer grips
What would the gross motor skills of a 18 month old be
Walks independently
What would the vision and fine motor skills of a 18 month old be
Uses 6-10 words
What would the Social, emotional and behavioural skills of a 18 month old be
Symbolic play
Points to parts of their body
Tower of 3 bricks
Begins to dress themselves independently eg putting socks on
What would the hearing, speech and language skills of a 18 month old be
Immature pencil grip
Random scribbles- mark making
What would the gross motor skills of a 2.5 year old be
Runs and jumps
What would the vision and fine motor skills of a 2.5 year old be
Uses 3-4 sentences
What would the Social, emotional and behavioural skills of a 2.5 year old be
Talks constantly
Interactive play
Turn taking
May toilet trained during the day
What would the hearing, speech and language skills of a 2.5 year old be
Draws a line
Makes a tower of 8 bricks
