Cognitive Rehab Flashcards
What are some things included with Cognition?
-Orientation
-Memory
-Attention
-Concentration
etc.
What kind of patients might have Cognition problems?
- TBI
- Stroke
- Brain hemorrhage
- Brain tumours
- MS
What is the “Custard analogy”?
- brain looks like big walnut
- if “custard” is shaken around, and hits any sharp edges it will tear easily
- brain is only attached at brain stem; NOT JOINED TO SKULL
What is the “Back Streets” analogy of brain injury?
- busy street
- massive explosion- it affects everything around the injury
- slow process
- “police” set up diversions and new traffic patterns (NEW THOUGHT PATTERNS)
- over time your brain figures out different “backroads” to speed up; thought process will speed up, but will never be as fast/smooth again
What is Axonial Sprouting?
-when a pathway is damaged (ex. TBI) brain tries to find a new route to COMMUNICATE
What is NEUROPLASTICITY?
-information is not fully lost; your brain is able to make NEW brain pathways to make sense of things
What is the “Mud vs. ice” analogy?
*How does this analogy apply to the process of recovering from a brain injury
- when trauma occurs to brain; it is like walking through mud, rather than on ice
- frustrating, you’re not used to it because you know your functions prior to the injury!
**What are 2 essential rehab processes for a TA?
- restoration of functions that can be restored
- learning how to do things DIFFERENTLY when functions cannot be restored to pre-injury level
- -» FIND NEW STRATEGIES
What 2 areas of cognition do OT’s assess?
- Orientation
- Attention + Concentration: alertness
What is declarative memory?
being able to recite information
What is episodic memory?
remember things that have happened at different times in their life
What is procedural memory?
remembering steps required to perform an activity
What is everyday memory?
keep track of daily events, schedules, names
What is confabulate?
-filling in memory gaps
Is it possible to have one good memory type, and bad in another memory type?
Yes
What are 7 information processes?
- Comparing
- Categorizing
- Determining relationships
- Logical reasoning
- Flexibility of thinking
- Metacognition:
- Insight:
What is Metacognition?
knowledge of own thinking processes; Includes thoughts about what one knows and does not know.
**What are Executive Functions?
coordinators of all other cognitive skills
-“cement that bind the bricks”
What are some ex. of Executive Functions?
- self-awareness
- goal setting
- self-inhibition
- planning +organizing
What are 7 Examples of problem solving?
- recognition
- identification
- situation analysis
- Selection of a course of action
- Implementation; of a selected course of action
- Execution of the solution chosen
- Evaluation of problem resolution
Do patients with trauma to the brain have Abstract thinking?
-mostly not; usually concrete thinking
What are 4 steps to take a patient to find out “How we known our strengths and weaknesses?”
*** These are METACOGNITIVE SKILLS
- What is something you’re NOT “good” at?
- What is something that you ARE “good” at?
- “How” do you know you are NOT GOOD at the thing you selected
- “How” do you know you are GOOD at the other thing
How do you know you are good at something? (4)
- Internal Representation
- Feedback from environment
- Feedback from ourselves
- Standard or mechanism for compating
What are 5 different types of feedback?
- Verbal
- Non-verbal
- Tick charts; visual
- Videotaping
- Computers
***What is Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy (CRT)?
-focuses on the attainment of cognitive skills that has been (ex. attention) LOST or ALTERED as a result of neurological trauma
What are some good techniques when working with clients with COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS? (4)
- simple instructions; be specific
- reduce distractions
- meaningful tasks
(What are the 3 ways to problems solve and generate treatment ideas?)
- Direct treatment -“fun”- (ex. drawing=Zentangle)
- Functional treatment (ex. washing dishes)
- Tracking client’s progress (video, and verbal feedback)
**What are 4 KEY components of CRT (Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy)?
- Education about cognitive WEAKNESSES and STRENGTHs
- Development of skills; through RETRAINING and practice
?3. Using EXTERNAL and INTERNAL compensatory (compensating; making up for) strategies
- Applying skills in everyday life= functional activities training
What is the SMART goal setting?
- It is a treatment technique used by OTA’s
S-Specific M-Measurable A-Achievable R-Resourced T-Timed
What are the 5 Cognitive Treatment Components?
- Attention
- Visual Processing
- Information processing
- Memory
- Executive functions
What is Capgras Syndrome?
- can’t recognize FACES
What is Synesthesia?
(brilliant at something specific)
ex.- math-language-music
*because they relate to certain things such as colour or shape when learning something new
**they have THALAMIC MAPPING
What are 2 assesment scales used for memory?
- Glasgow Coma Scale
- Ranho Los Amigos Scale
What are the 3 types of level of consciousness (LOC) on a scale?
Mild: LOC
