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Occupational Therapy FINAL EXAM > Burns > Flashcards

Burns Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the skin? (6)

A
  1. -Waterproof
  2. -protects from infection
  3. -helps control body temperature,
  4. -prevents fluid loss
  5. -provides vast sensory information
  6. -contributes to a person’s identity
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2
Q

What are 5 causes of burns?

A
  1. THermal
  2. Chemical
  3. Electrical
  4. Radiation
  5. Cold exposure
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3
Q

What is a Thermal burn?

*most common

A

exposure to flame, hot liquids, steam etc.

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4
Q

What is a chemical burn?

A

caused by tissue contact with strong acids or organic compounds
(Example: Drain cleaners)

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5
Q

What is an electrical burn?

A

heat that is generated by electrical energy as it passes through the body, bones are heated up (exit and entry wounds visible)

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6
Q

What is a Radiation burn?

A

sunburn, x-rays

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7
Q

What is a Cold exposure burn?

A

frostbite / damage occurs to the skin and underlying tissues when ice crystals puncture the cells

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8
Q

What is %TBSA ?

A

percentage of total body surface area that is burned

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9
Q

What is the “rule of 9s” ?

A

Divides the body into areas of 9%

> After 30% chances of death goes way up

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10
Q

Are burn deaths difficult to asses?

A

yes

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11
Q

What is Superficial burn (1st degree)

Causes?
Look like?
Healing process?

A
  • Cause: straightener, steam, sunburn
  • Dry and red
  • 1-5 days healing with no scarring
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12
Q

What is a Partial (2nd degree) burn?

Causes?
Look like?
Healing process?

A
  • Generally blister – extremely painful
  • Causes: scald (spill) flame, oil & grease
  • Wet or waxy appearance with blisters
  • 2-3 weeks of healing – severe scarring
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13
Q

What is the Partial burn sub-classified into?

A
  • superficial (blisters) burn
  • deep partial thickness burn (waxy appearance)
  • full-thickness burn (waxy white appearance or leathery grey )
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14
Q

What is a full thickness (3rd degree) burn?

Causes?
Look like?
Does it need grafting?
Will it heal?

A
  • Right through dermis and epidermis
  • Causes: scald (immersion), flame, steam, chemical
  • Waxy white / gray / black
  • YES!! Dry – will need grafting
  • Small areas may heal by secondary intention
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15
Q

What is Deep full thickness (4th degree) ?

Causes?
Grafts needed?

A
  • Muscles, tendon, bone are involved – no pain
  • Causes = explosion, flame, chemical, high-voltage electricity
  • May require amputation or reconstructive surgery / flaps
  • Flaps = full thickness tissue from other areas of your body and placing it on top of the burn
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16
Q

What is important with grafting in 4th degree burn?

A

can only graft with your own skin because of rejection

17
Q

What is Escharotomies ?

A
  • sliced open to relieve pressure*
  • performed in the case of circumferential full thickness burns of the limbs, hands and chest because the pressure can compromise the vascular system
18
Q

What are some treatments in Acute care?

A
  • Wound care – infection control
  • ROM – pain control
  • Kirschner wires in fingers
19
Q

What is Eschar ?

A

dead epidermis

20
Q

How is it determined when to graft?

A

When healing is expected to exceed 3 weeks

21
Q

Where is Skin harvested from ?

A

donor site: somewhere on body (ex. thigh)

22
Q

What is Sheet vs. Meshed grafting?

A
  • Sheet = solid

- Meshed = harvest piece of skin and put it through a machine where it cuts holes in it and stretches it out

23
Q

What is STSG?

A

(split-thickness skin graft) •includes of the epidermis and some of the dermis.

24
Q

What is Hypertrophic scar?

A

red hard collagenous scar – appears after 6 to 8 weeks

25
Q

How can the scarring process lead to joint contractures?

A
  • Normal wounds heal by contracture. The new collagen fibres from and shorten, pulling the skin and across joints.
  • This process can take place over months and years.
26
Q

How can you Counteract contractures ?

A

= splinting, positioning pressure garments (23 hour daily), pressure inserts, masks, functional activity, exercise

27
Q

What is the role of a OT/OTA post surgery?

A
  • Maintain ROM
  • maintain function
  • Splinting- continual adjusting
28
Q

What is the rehab component for a burn?

A
  • Pressure garments/masks
  • Splinting into anti-deformity positions of all joints; for day + night
  • Psychological support
  • Education
29
Q

What is Flamazine?

A

antibacterial cream

30
Q

What is the Natural formation of scarring ?

A

– contraction (pulling in)

Occupational Therapy FINAL EXAM (6 decks)

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