Cognitive Questions Flashcards
A 53 years old male was diagnosed with Infective endocarditis based on his
clinical presentations. Blood was sent for culture and sensitivity, which
shows the presence of Gram positive cocci in clusters and he was
prophylactically started on Cloxacillin. Three days later culture report shows
the presence of MRSA.
a) What is the drug of choice for the above condition?
b) What is the gene involved in this type of antimicrobial resistance?
c) Name any other infection caused by this organism.
d) Name a common site for MRSA carriage?
a) Vancomycin
b) MacA
c) Osteomyelitis, Meningitis, Skin infections, Impetigo
d) Nasal
A 9 years old boy presented at pediatric OPD with the history of stepladder
pattern of fever, headache and loose stools for past 5 days. There was a
recent outbreak of diarrhea and fever at his school.
a) What is the probable diagnosis?
b) What is the causative organism?
c) What one investigation you would like to request?
d) What antibiotic you would like to prescribe?
a) Typhoid fever
b) S.typhi, S.paratyphi ABC
c) Widal test
d) Ceftriaxone
A 47 years old farmer, who works in a rodent filled rice field presented at
OPD post to 5 days of heavy rain fall with the complaints of high grade fever,
myalgia and headache. On examination he had hepatosplenomegaly and his
Liver parameters were elevated.
a) What is the likely diagnosis?
b) What is the drug of choice?
c) What is the mode of transmission?
d) Name one diagnostic test.
a) Leptospirosis
b) Penicillin
c) Direct contact
d) Lepto IgM serological test
A 29 year old female complaints of high grade fever, severe joint pain and
myalgia. On examination she had petechial rashes all over the body. Her
blood picture showed thrombocytopenia. On further enquiry she told that
she was bitten by mosquitoes and the presence of stagnant fresh water
around her residence.
a) What is the probable diagnosis?
b) What is the genome of this organism?
c) Name one vector control measure.
d) What investigation you would like to perform to conform the
diagnosis?
a) dengue
b) ssRNA
c) Insecticides, repellants, removal of stagnant water
d) Dengue NS1, IgM
A wild life photographer presented with fever and maculopapular rashes. On
examination there was an eschar over his arm. On further history he
recollects several small insect bites during his past shoot in the woods. His
serology was positive for Weil-Felix test with OXK+++.
a) What is the diagnosis?
b) What is the causative organism?
c) What is the drug of choice?
d) What is the principle behind Weil-Felix test?
a) Scrub typhus
b) Orietia Tsatugamushi
c) Doxycycline
d) Heterophilic agglutination
A 35 year old male came with the history of fever on and off for the past one
year and recently developed unilateral non-pitting edema of the left lower
limb. On examination his inguinal lymph nodes are firm, tender and enlarged.
Blood was sent for peripheral smear examination.
a) What is likely to be seen in the smear?
b) What is the clinical diagnosis?
c) What is the mode of transmission?
d) Name two complications.
a) Microfilaria
b) Filariasis
c) Mosquito bite
d) Elephantiasis, Hydrocele
A 50 year old HIV positive female came with the complaints of high grade
fever and white patches over the buccal mucosa. Culture from the throat
swab yielded creamy white colonies on the Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA).
a) What is the probable clinical diagnosis?
b) What the causative organism?
c) Name other infection caused by this organism.
d) What is the treatment?
a) Oral thrush
b) Candida species
c) Urethritis, Wound infection
d) Miconazole, Clotrimazole, Nystatin
A 25 year old male came with complaints of vomiting, abdominal cramps
within 6 hours of consumption of fried rice from a Chinese fast food center,
following which he also had few episodes of diarrhea.
a) What is the likely etiological agent?
b) What is the treatment?
c) Give example of an exotoxin.
d) Give example of an endotoxin.
a) Bacillus cereus
b) Clindamycin, Vancomycin, Erythromycin
c) Cholera toxin, Pertussis, Diphtheria
d) LPS - Gram Negative Bacteria
A 65 year old male came with complaints of diarrhea, abdominal pain and
fever. He is a known case of pancreatic cancer on cancer immunotherapy and
on prolonged antimicrobial usage.
a) What is the likely etiological agent causing the intestinal infection in
this patient consuming antibiotics for long period?
b) How to treat this condition?
c) Give two examples of broad spectrum antibiotics.
d) Give an example of Gram positive narrow spectrum antibiotic.
a) Clostridium difficile
b) Vancomycin
c) Metronidazole, Carbapenems, Amoxicillin + Clavulinic acid
d) Penicillin
A 5 Year old boy presented with recurrent episodes of foul smelling diarrhea
(steatorrhea), flatus and profound weight loss associated with belching and
bloating. Wet mount of the stool revealed pear shaped trophozoites with
falling leaf-like motility.
a) What is the diagnosis?
b) What is the etiological agent?
c) What is the mode of transmission?
d) What is the treatment?
a) Giardiasis
b) Giardia lamblia
c) Contaminated food and water
d) Metronidazole
A 46 year old female patient infected with HIV presented to the casualty
with severe profuse diarrhea, with a frequency of 15 times a day for the past
10 days. She complained of weight loss and abdominal pain. The stool
specimen was subjected for modified acid fast staining, which revealed the
presence of pink, acid fast and round sporulated oocysts containing four
sporozoites.
a) Identify the etiological agent.
b) Name other two acid fast parasites.
c) What is the treatment?
d) What is the mode of transmission?
a) Cryptosporidium parvum
b) T.saginata, Isospora
c) Nitazoxanide (used to treat diarrhea in adults and children older than 1 year of age caused by the protozoa Cryptosporidium or Giardia)
d) Contaminated food and water
A 6 year old child presents to the pediatric OPD with H/O perianal pruritis
that is more during the nights. Microscopy of perianal skin samples was done
by cellophane tape method revealed non bile stained Plano-convex egg
containing tadpole shaped larva inside.
a) What is the parasite causing this infection?
b) What is the infective form?
c) What is the mode of transmission?
d) What is the treatment?
a) Enterobius Vermicularis
b) Filariform Larvae
c) Contaminated food and water
d) Mebendazole
A patient who was admitted in the hospital for a surgery was catheterized.
After 3 days of placing Foley’s catheter he developed fever and the urine
collected in the urine bag was turbid. Urine culture grew Escherichia coli
(>105
/ml).
a) What is the type of hospital acquired infection involved here?
b) Name one measure for prevention of the same.
c) What is ESBL?
d) Name two antibiotics for treating this condition.
a) CAUTI (Catheter associated urinary tract infection)
b) Infection control surveillance, proper maintenance
c) Extended spectrum B lactamase
d) Nitrofurantoin, Cotrimoxazole
A 40 years old female presents to the general surgery OPD with history of
abdominal pain. On examination there is a palpable mass in the right upper
quadrant. An ultrasound abdomen reveals a well-defined cyst with thick wall
in the liver. CT abdomen shows egg shell calcification in the liver.
a) What is the diagnosis?
b) How to prevent this disease?
c) What is the mode of transmission?
d) What is the definitive host?
a) Cystic Echinococcus/Hydatid Disease
b) Properly cooked food and purified water
c) Contaminated food and water
d) Dog
A house surgeon during his rotations in the surgery department accidently
had a needle stick injury. Unfortunately the needle was used on a HepatitisB positive patient. The house surgeon has been vaccinated fully before.
a) What is the genome of this organism?
b) What one investigation you would like to request to know the
protective status of the house surgeon?
c) Above what titer is considered protective?
d) What is the immunization schedule for the same?
a) ds circular DNA
b) Anti HBS
c) ≥ 10 mIU/ml
d) 9-14 years, 2 doses, (0 month) and (6 - 12 months)
15 - 26 years, 3 doses, (0 month) (1 - 2 month) and (6 months)
