Cognitive Psychology: Thinking

Question 1

Mental Set

Answer 1

A tendency to keep repeating solutions that worked in other situations (ei. water-jar problems)

Question 2

Functional Fixedness

Answer 2

The inability to use a familiar object in an unfamiliar way. (ei. tacking a lit candle to the wall)

Question 3

Creativity

Answer 3

The ability to invent new ways of viewing problems/ situations.

Question 4

Divergent Thinking

Answer 4

Thinking that involves producing as many creative answers to a question as possible.

Question 5

Daniel Kahneman & Amos Tversky

Answer 5

Studied how decision-making process can go wrong.

Question 6

Heuristics

Answer 6

A set of short-cuts/ rules of thumb to make decisions.

Question 7

Availability Heuristic

Answer 7

Using the information that is most readily available.

Question 8

Representativeness Heuristic

Answer 8

Categorizing things based on whether they fit prototypical, stereotypical or representative image of the category.

Question 9

Base-Rate Fallacy

Answer 9

Ignoring the numerical information about the items being referred to when categorizing them.