Cognitive Psychology

Question 1

What is the assumption of the cognitive area?

Answer 1

Behaviour is influenced by inner mental processes such as our memory

Question 2

What are the three stages of memory?

Answer 2

Encoding
Storage
Retrieval

Question 3

What 3 types of information create memories?

Answer 3

Information received at event
Information gained after event
Schemas

Question 4

Which 2 studies investigate memory?

Answer 4

Loftus and Palmer

Grant

Question 5

Which is the classic study of the cognitive area?

Answer 5

Loftus and Palmer

Question 6

What was the aim of Loftus and Palmer’s first experiment?

Answer 6

To investigate whether leading questions, given after witnessing an event, influence memory of that event

Question 7

What was the aim of Loftus and Palmer’s second experiment?

Answer 7

To investigate whether memory of accidents can actually be changed/distorted by the verb used

Question 8

Describe the sample used in Loftus and Palmer’s first experiment

Answer 8

45 American students from the University of Washington (both male and female)

Question 9

How many film clips were used in experiment 1?

Answer 9

7 film clips of traffic accidents

Question 10

What did the questionnaire ask the participants to do?

Answer 10

Describe everything they could remember about the accident

Answer specific questions about the accident including a hidden critical question

Question 11

What was the critical question in L & P’s first experiment?

Answer 11

About how fast were the cars going when they ________ into each other?

Question 12

What were the 5 conditions in L & P’s first experiment?

Answer 12

Smashed
Crashed
Bumped
Hit
Contacted

Question 13

What was the mean estimate of speed in the ‘smashed’ condition?

Answer 13

40.8 mph

Question 14

What was the mean estimate of speed in the ‘contacted’ condition?

Answer 14

31.8 mph

Question 15

What conclusion could be drawn from the results of experiment 1?

Answer 15

Memory is affected by leading questions

Question 16

Describe the sample used in Loftus and Palmer’s second experiment

Answer 16

150 American students from the University of Washington (both male and female)

Question 17

How many film clips were used Loftus and Palmer’s second experiment?

Answer 17

1 one-minute film clip of a traffic accident

Question 18

What did the questionnaire in experiment 2 ask participants to do?

Answer 18

Describe everything they could remember about the accident 2/3 of the groups were asked the critical question: “about how fast were the cars going when they ____________ into each other?”

Question 19

What were the 3 conditions in Loftus and Palmer’s second experiment?

Answer 19

Smashed Hit Control group (didn’t have a leading question)

Question 20

How long did did the participants in Loftus and Palmer’s second experiment go home for after completing the questionnaire?

Answer 20

1 week

Question 21

What was the question participants were asked after the 1 week break in Loftus and Palmer’s second experiment?

Answer 21

Did you see broken glass? Yes/No

Question 22

How many “smashed-condition” participants in Loftus and Palmer’s second experiment said they saw broken glass?

Answer 22

16

Question 23

How many “hit-condition” participants in Loftus and Palmer’s second experiment said they saw broken glass?

Answer 23

7

Question 24

How many “Control-condition” participants in Loftus and Palmer’s second experiment said they saw broken glass?

Answer 24

6

Question 25

What is the conclusion on Loftus and Palmer’s second experiment?

Answer 25

Leading questions used after an event can reconstruct a person’s memory