Cognitive Psychology Flashcards
What is cognitive psychology?
Cognitive psychology is how behaviour is influenced by cognition (mental processes).
What does IPM stand for?
Information processing model.
What do cognitive psychologists use the information processing model for?
They use it to explain how we receive interpret and respond to information. It describes this flow of information using terms ‘input’, ‘process’, and ‘output’.
What are the four key stages of the multi-store memory model?
Sensory input.
Sensory memory.
Short-term memory.
Long-term memory.
Describe the multi-store model of memory.
A sensory input is detected from the surroundings where it is transferred to the sensory memory and is held for a brief moment. If attention is paid to it it will pass to the short-term memory however if not it decays. The short-term memory is believed to have a capacity of 5 to 9 items. Information can be held for up to 30 seconds and short-term memory and if it is rehearsed it could be transferred to long-term memory if not it will get displaced. Items can be retrieved into the short-term memory from the long term memory. Information is lost from long-term memory through interference. The capacity of long-term memory is potentially unlimited and information can be stored for potentially a lifetime.
List three studies that support the MSM of memory
Miller’s magic number 7 (for evidence of stm capacity)
Glanzer and Cunitz primacy-recency effect (for separate stores)
Peterson and Peterson 3 P’s 15-18 secs (for duration of the stm)
What are the three key components of the working memory model?
The central executive.
Visuo-spatial sketch pad.
Phonological loop.
What are the two components of the phonological loop and what are they more commonly known as?
The articulatory loop (or inner voice).
Primary acoustic store (or inner ear).
What are the qualities of the VSSP?
Limited capacity, around three or four objects.
Two visual tasks cannot be carried out 100% successfully at the same time.
What are the qualities of the PL?
The PL has a limited capacity, The word length affect.
Two auditory tasks cannot be carried out successfully at the same time.
The primary acoustic store has a limited duration of up to 2 seconds.
What is the computer analogy?
Their computer analogy is the assumption that the human mind is like a computer. As with a computer, the human mind is thought to have a limited capacity processor that can only deal with a restricted amount or type of information at any given time.
Tulving proposed that each store was different in terms of what four things?
The nature of and associations between memories in each store.
Time and spatial referencing.
The nature of retrieving/recalling memories held in each store.
The independence of each store.
What is the difference between episodic and semantic memory?
Episodic is considered to be like a mental diary while semantic is considered to be like a mental encyclopaedia.
What are three supporting studies for episodic and semantic memory?
The case of KC - semantic but no episodic
Tulving 1989 - brain scans
Clive wearing could read and play piano
What are three opposing studies/points for episodic and semantic memory?
Tulving episodic relies on semantic despite saying their separate.
Tulving describes differences using examples rather than explaining.
