COGNITIVE PROCESSING AND LANGUAGE OF CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDERS (EXAM 4)

Question 1

3-5% of ___ ___ children have been diagnosed with ADHD in the U.S.

Answer 1

school age

Question 2

ADD occurs due to a combination of factors. What are they?

Answer 2

genetics, dopamine imbalance, insufficiency of neurotransmitters

Question 3

American Psychiatric Association Delineates 3 types of ADHD . Name them and their percentage

Answer 3

Primarily inattentive (20-30%)

Primarily hyperactive (less than 15%)

Combination inattentive/hyperactive (50-75%

Question 4

Relationship of SLI to ADHD :

• __% of ch with specific lang impairment (SLI) also diagnosed with ADHD
• SLI ch with significant levels of receptive lang impairment most likely to be ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 4

• 59

- impulsive, distractible, overactive

Question 5

Contributing factors Relationship of SLI to ADHD are:

• Basal ganglia, regions of _____ significantly smaller in ch with ADHD
• Non-genetic factors: premature birth, maternal drugs and alcohol during pregnancy, exposure to high levels of lead in early childhood

Answer 5

• cerebellum

Question 6

-Watching TV/screen time before __ years of age is strongly correlated with attention problems later

• Ch 3-5 years of age—only watch ___ and ____ _____
• For ch exposed early, school is boring, noninteractive, slow

-TV topics presented briefly, lots of visual stimuli, varied settings, loud noises, movement, flashes of color

Answer 6

• 2

- educational and nonviolent programs

Question 7

Computer Use and Executive Functioning
(Recent research Morris; Westby)

• Computer use—drawbacks which affect ____ ____ (planning and reasoning) skills
• ____ ____—multitasking and continuous partial attention –cause irritability, impair cognition

Answer 7

• executive functioning

- general browsing

Question 8

Playing computer games can impair the development of the ____ lobe, the part of the brain that inhibits anti-social behavior

Answer 8

• frontal

Question 9

True or false.

• Every hour of TV/video game (VG) use per day increases risk of attention problems
• Ch wired for high speed stimulation
• American Academy of Pediatrics: ch under 2-no TV or VGs
• When ch have been exposed in childhood it becomes Difficult to think, plan, and reflect when exposed to a great deal of screen time in childhood
• Students and parents—unplug and get moving

Answer 9

true

Question 10

true or false

Symptoms:

• Not diagnosed by standardized tests—”diagnosis is based on a careful assessment of the behavioral symptoms”
• Difficulties coping with everyday life

Answer 10

true

Question 11

ADHD is most likely :

• An impairment in the executive function portion of brain that regulates behavior, esp. ____

Answer 11

impulsivity

Question 12

Owens, Farinella, and Metz (2015)

• Teachers often believe that these ADHD ch’s ___ ___ skills can be attributed to pragmatic difficulties
• Ch may not be id on lang testing that ignores pragmatics

Answer 12

• poor social

Question 13

true or false

Specific Behaviors may Include:

• Difficulty remaining seated
• Poor follow through on tasks
• Executive motor acitivty-fidgeting, squirming
• Short attention span
• Distractibility
• Inability to delay gratification
• Shifting rapidly from one activity to another
• Loses things; “space cadet”

Answer 13

true

Question 14

true or false

POSSIBLE SPEECH-LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTICS :

• Poor auditory memory
• Continually saying “what?” “and” “huh?”
• False starts, verbal mazes
• Poor story-telling ability (disorganized)
• Poor pragmatics-interrupting, non sequiters (totally off topic)

Answer 14

true

Question 15

MANAGEMENT OF ADHD :

• Stimulant medication increases ____ in brain
• Best: combo of pharmacological and behavioral approaches

Answer 15

• dopamine

Question 16

true or false.

Popular current medications include:

• Cylert
• Adderall

-Strattera (not a stimulant; may not have much effect)
Ritalin

-Concerta (time released—take one pill in the A.M., and lasts all day)

Answer 16

true

Question 17

true or false

IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERVENTION :

• Work on concepts such as -before, after, more than
• Help students use clocks to mark time
• List of tasks to be completed-check off as finished
• Visual aids

-Therapy rooms and classrooms should be highly structured
“movement breaks”

• Turntaking skills
• Continigency- what they say must relate to what other person just said Memory, esp. for info presented auditorilly-often forget things
• Minimize external distractions
• Discuss what “paying attention” is (listening, asking ?’s when you don’t understand, sitting still, eye contact)
• Monitor output—speak in organized fashion
• Pragmatics, esp. ways to join groups effectively

Answer 17

true

Question 18

true or false

Kowalski ASHA Schools Conference

• Social etiquette posters
• Have ch carry social etiquette cards
• Video ch and show him

Answer 18

true

Question 19

true or false

Kowalski:

Social autopsy--analyze social errors 
Who was impacted by?
How to correct it?
How to avoid it in the future?
Much better 1:1
Help get them get organized
Extra time to complete tasks-often esp. have trouble on timed tasks

Answer 19

true

Question 20

true or false

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973:

Civil rights statute that prohibits schools from discriminating against children with disabilities

Eligibility is based on the existence of a physical or mental condition that substantially limits a major life activity

ADHD students qualify for classroom accommodations if they can’t learn under typical circumstances

Answer 20

true

Question 21

What are the gifts of ADHD?

Answer 21

Creativity

Ability to think outside the box