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Language Development-Roseberry > Chapter 10- During the early school years > Flashcards

Chapter 10- During the early school years Flashcards

1
Q

What did Burke “Spotlight on poverty and opportunity” state?

A
  • U.S. ranks 4th place in the world per-pupil spending
  • U.S. is much lower than other countries in math and reading
  • American 15 year old middle zone in reading near bottom in math, falling behind estonia and slovenia
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2
Q

In early Elementary years, what are the biggest language changes we see?

A

semantic and pragmatic skills

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3
Q

Define Metalinguistic skills.

A

the ability to think about language—makes big leaps during this time

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4
Q

Most children have the fine motor skills to ___ and ____ .

A

draw and write

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5
Q

In early Elementary years, what skills develop especially in sports?

A

gross motor

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6
Q

Peers becomes increasingly important at age 3. True or False

A

True

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7
Q

At around what age/grade is full metalinguistic awareness achieved?

A

7-8 years old/ 3rd-4th grade

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8
Q

Define noun phrase.

A

a sentence role filled by people and objects

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9
Q

5 y.o. a little car ( ___ + ___ + ___)

6 y.o. a big fluffy cat ( ___ + ___ + ___ + ___ )

A

article + adj + noun

article + adj + adj + noun

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10
Q

True or False.

At age 6, Ch. become better @ using ________

A

Pronouns

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11
Q

Define mass nouns and give examples

A

homogenous, non-individual substances .

E.g. water, sand, air

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12
Q

Define count nouns and give examples

A

heterogeneous, individual objects (pencil, tomato, girl)

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13
Q

Irregular verbs develop ___ (e.g. caught, slid, below) - should be there by __ yrs.

A

slowly ; 8

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14
Q

Around what age do children understand passive sentences ?

A

5 y.o.

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15
Q

__% of 7.5 - 8 y.o. produce full passive sentences.

A

80

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16
Q

Complex sentence has ___ and ___ clause.

A

Independent; Dependent

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17
Q

Give an example for a complex sentence.

A

We will go to the movies if we have enough money.

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18
Q

Compound sentence has __ __ clauses joined by a ___.

A

two independent ; conjunction

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19
Q

Give an example for a compound sentence.

A

I went to the movies AND my mom bought us some popcorn.

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20
Q

What is really stressed in the common core state standards?

A

morphological knowledge

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21
Q

True or false.

“[Students will] use the most frequently-occurring inflections and affixes (e.g., -ed, -s, re-, un- pre-, -ful, -less) as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word.”

A

True

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22
Q

Define derivational suffixes.

A

changes class of word

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23
Q

The -ly suffix converts ___ into ___. Give examples.

A

adjectives; adverbs

appropriateLY, sincereLY, thankfulLY

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24
Q

When is The -ly suffix which converts adjectives into adverbs mastered?

A

adolescence

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25
Q

what is the first use for -er ?

A

acquired to mark the imitation of an action (e.x. paintER, preachER) mastered ~ 8 years old

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26
Q

what is the second use for -er ?

A

marks for accomplishing an action (e.x. eraser) mastered ~ 11 years old

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27
Q

what is the third use for -er ?

A

comparative (e.x. smallER) mastered mid elementary school

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28
Q

5-year olds have an expressive vocabulary of around ___ words.

A

2200

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29
Q

A first grader has an expressive vocabulary of around ___words but may understand ____ English root words

A

2600; 8,000-10,000

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30
Q

By 6th grade, a child understands around ___ words

A

50,000

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31
Q

Define taxonomies

A

categories of objects that share a common essence (fruits, weather, tools)

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32
Q

Define themes

A

bound by an event (e.g., cake, presents, candles signify a birthday party)

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33
Q

what do younger children relate to?

A

themes

34
Q

As children get older what is more prevalent?

A

taxonomies

35
Q

In therapy, what do we call taxonomies?

A

working on categories

36
Q

true or false.

“previous knowledge is so important to vocabulary acquisition”

A

true

37
Q

True or false. The ability to define words.. is highly correlated w/involvement in an academic culture

A

True

38
Q

True or false. The ability to define words is taught at home.

A

False - schools

39
Q

True or false. The ability to define words is related to metalinguistic skills.

A

True

40
Q

Define slow map.

A

add features beyond the functional and physical aspects of something

41
Q

Laura Justice, ASHA Schools Conference. What is tier 1?

A

very common usually learned w/o direct teaching (car, book, sun, phone)

42
Q

Laura Justice, ASHA Schools Conference. What is tier 2?

A

high frequency vocab for mature language users (language of books)

43
Q

Laura Justice, ASHA Schools Conference. What is tier 3?

A

highly specialized (peninsula, linear, equation, isotope) ___, version

44
Q

Justice says we need to teach tier 2 words. Why?

A

because they go across the curriculum (e.x. function, constitute, relationship, imply. correlate)

45
Q

Define figurative language.

A

words used in an imaginative sense, rather than a literal one, to create an imaginative or emotional expression

46
Q

What does figurative language connote?

A

higher order language skills

47
Q

Define metaphor and give an example.

A

Implies an analogous relationship.

“Love is a rose”

48
Q

True or false.

it’s so important for a child to have experiences in life where they are able to learn vocabulary

A

True

49
Q

Define a simile and give an example.

A

Directly states an analogous relationship.

“She’s as light as a feather.”

50
Q

Define proverbs and give an example.

A

Short, popular sayings that embody a generally accepted truth, useful thought, or advice.

“A penny saved is a penny earned.”

51
Q

Proverbs are hard for children through about ___ years old. They take things very literally.

A

8

52
Q

True or false.

For conversational skills, theory of mind (social perspective) decreases.

A

false - increases

53
Q

True or false.

Children learn to respond to questions and requests in the classroom.

A

True

54
Q

In classroms, children must master the I-R-E format. What is this format?

A
  • teacher INITIATES
  • child RESPONDS
  • teacher EVALUATES child’s responds
55
Q

Children become better at ___ requests.

A

indirect

56
Q

True or false.

Children become better at… Introducing a topic into conversation, sustaining it through several turns, and closing or switching the topic

A

True

57
Q

True or false.

Children become better at… Repairing conversational breakdowns through providing more background context and defining terms

A

True

58
Q

It is crucial to help students with ____ as they grow older.

A

pragmatics

59
Q

What did ASHA Schools Conference speaker Pamela Wiley say that we need to remember about helping middle school students who may have difficulties with pragmatics?

A
  • children look for peer support
  • increase social pressure
  • children more independent, less reliant on family
  • struggle w/ social expectations
  • increase emphasis on superficial (what you’re wearing) qualities
  • social hierarchies
60
Q

What does narrative reflect?

A

the storyteller’s experience

61
Q

What does being a good story teller enhance?

A

children’s self image and proud identification within their families and communities.

62
Q

What are the the 4 types of narratives?

A

Stories, recount, event cast, account

63
Q

Define stories

A

known patterns - main character must overcome a challenge

64
Q

Define recount

A

adult request a child to tell about past experiences

65
Q

Define event cast

A

explanation of some current or anticipated event

66
Q

Define account

A

highly individualized spontaneous narratives where children share their experiences

67
Q

Define story grammar

A

components and rules of a story

68
Q

True or false.

In story grammar, usually there is setting + episode structure.

A

True

69
Q

What are basic elements of a story?

A
  1. Setting; introduce characters etc
  2. Initiating event (action, seeking something)
  3. Internal response (character’s reactions, thoughts, intentions, motivations)
  4. Internal plan (strategies for attaining goals)
  5. Attempt (Character’s action to attain goal)
  6. Direct consequence (success or failure)
  7. Reaction (character’s emotional response, though, or actions to the out come or preceding chain of events)
70
Q

Define codeswitching.

A

a normal behavior that demonstrates the continuing separation of two languages

71
Q

For children who speak African American English (AAE)…

A
  • recommended be proficiently bidialectal, using AAE with friends and family and mainstream English at school
  • children must write and spell in mainstream English in order to be successful
72
Q

Define nonegocentrism

A

the ability to take the perspective of another person

73
Q

Define decentration

A

the process of moving from rigid, one dimensional descriptions of objects and events to coordinated, multi attributional ones, allowing both speaker and listener to recognize that there are many dimensions to and perspectives on any given topic.

74
Q

Define plan

A

means, or series of actions, intended to accomplish a specified end.

75
Q

Define script

A

dialogs that accompany familiar routines in the child’s everyday environment

76
Q

Define topic-associating

A

these narratives consist of theme-related incidents that make an implicit point

77
Q

Define metaphoric transparency

A

amount of literal figurative relationship

78
Q

Define morphophonemic

A

referring to changes in sound production related to meaning changes

79
Q

At age 6, what do children add _____ ?(himself/herself)

A

Reflexive

80
Q

Ch distinguish between ____ and _____nouns

A

Mass ; count

Language Development-Roseberry (7 decks)

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