Chapter 12- Language skills in adolescents and adults Flashcards
_____ and _____ skills especially continue to grow.
vocabulary ; pragmatics
True or False.
Cognitive growth continues throughout life.
True
there is a slow ____ in language comprehension, understanding syntactically complex sentences, and inferencing
decline
After what age will a child exposed to a second language will have an accent?
8 yrs
Fluent bilingualism has great ____ and ____ benefits for both children and adults
linguistic ; cognitive
Research in Canada (Ellen Bialystok) showed :
bilingual adults (French and English) had 5-7 years later onset of dementia than monolingual adults
In adolescent, by what gender does pleasure reading decrease ?
boys
The biggest change in adolescents and adults is in ______ _____.
executive function
Define executive function
the ability to engage actively with print and to read and write with purpose
Posnick-Goodwin (2015). The great divide: Print or digital? California Educator, 19(7), 3 7-39.
what did the study look at?
Looked at the preferences of current students and research about digital vs. print books
Posnick-Goodwin, 2015:
- current middle school students said that they preferred print to digital books
- recent survey for college students most prefer print to digital
- students feel: retain more w/print; very distracted reading digitally
what does early exposure to a second language lead better to?
judgments of grammatical correctness
what kind of benefits does fluent bilingualism have for both children and adults?
linguistic and cognitive benefits
Research in Canada (Elllen Bialystok) showed:
Bilingual adults (French and English) had 5-7 years later onset of dementia than monolingual adults
especially for boys when may pleasure reading decline?
adolescence
what is the biggest change in adolescents and adults?
executive function
define executive function
the ability to engage actively with print and to read and write with purpose
Posnick-Goodwin, 2015:
- current middle school kids preferred print to digital books
- recent survey of college students most prefer print to digital
- students feel: retain more w/print very distracted reading digitally
Jantz, 2012:
There are __ million FB users worldwide, or __ out of every __ people on earth
500 ; 1 ; 13
Jantz, 2012:
Many FB users spend __ hours a month logged on to FB
24
Instagram:
___ million active monthly users
300
Instagram:
___ million U.S. Instagram users in 2015
77.6
We use our smartphones to carry out ___ tasks every day
221
Many of us pick up our phones more than ___ times each week
1,500
Average owners use their phone for __ hours and __ minutes a day
3 hours 16 minutes
Gold, 2015:
Once children hit the tween years (10-12), they spend over __ hours a day texting?
1
The average teen (13-17 yrs) spends ___ texts a month
3,339
15-18 year olds spend __ hours a day with digital technology
8
__% of teens use social networking sites
80
define expository monologues
speaker is teaching information to others
Children, adolscents, and adults use what kind of syntactic complexity during expository monologues than in regular conversation?
greater
There is an ____ in use of bridging devices to provide continuity.
increase
As you get older the use of ___ clauses increases.
dependent
Define adverbial disjuncts
comment on the speaker’s attitude toward the content of the connected sentence.
Think: HONESTLY
Adverbial conjuncts:
more common in ___ than ___
literature ; conversation
Adverbial conjuncts:
___ and ___ devices signaling a logical relationship between sentences
cohesive ; connective
examples of adverbial conjuncts:
“To conclude, as a result of, nevertheless”
Ability to define idioms ___ w/ age
increases
Some older people may have increase difficulties in ?
word retrieval and naming
What is the indefinite word many older people use in place of specific names
thing
___ decrease in working memory
reflects
True or False.
Teen utterances are contingent (related to what was just said)
True
Adults use ____ ___: this utterance includes some aspect of the preceding utterance but shifts the focus of concern.
topic shading
True or False.
Narratives:
“Older adults: MORE accurate in answering questions about a narrative they have just heard or retold.
FALSE; less
True or False.
Narratives:
“Possibly due to decline in working memory”
True
Narratives of seniors have more words, but contain more ___ content.
irrelevant
Speaking style:
What kind of speech do older adults use?
clear speech
Define clear speech
listener oriented and used on formal occassions
Give examples of clear speech (older adults)
slower, more pauses, greater pitch range, more precise articulation)
True or False.
Men use more polite words like please, thank you.
False; women
Men talk more in public and less at __ .
home
Men tend to lecture , while women view themselves as _____ facilitators
conversation
Adult listeners are more likely to interrupt a ____ than a ___.
woman ; man
Among men, conversations are rarely about ?
personal feelings
what kind of opportunities do men see conversation as ?
debate or conversation
women see conversations as a way to ___ .
share
