Cognitive Development Of Infants And Children Flashcards
_____ was interested in the development of thought processes in children (believed children’s cognition developed in a set of stages)
Jean Piaget
_____ - We organize new information into already existing categories in our minds (Ex: seeing a new type of dog)
Assimilation
_____ - Organizing new information based on new categories of that have been corrected (Ex: thinking a plane is a bird, then correcting it to being a plane)
Accommodation
Piaget’s different stages of children’s cognition
Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
Concrete operational stage
Formal operational stage
_____ stage - Begins a month after birth, involves coordinating sensation with motor activity (ages 0-2, stage where a child develops object permanence)
Sensorimotor Stage
_____ - Understanding that items and people still exist when you can’t see or hear them (in the sensorimotor stage)
Object Permanence
_____ stage - Children at 2 years of age are able to use words as symbols (2-7 years, only able to think one dimensionally, unable to comprehend the law of conservation, children may see the world as artificialistic or animalistic)
Preoperational stage
______ - Inability to see things from other peoples point of view (doesn’t mean their selfish, just means they assume everyone else sees what they see, in the Preoperational stage)
Egocentric
______ - Children may believe that natural events like earthquakes or rain are made by people
Artificialistic
_____ - Children may think inanimate objects such as the sun are conscious
Animistic
______ - Children at this stage may have an active imagination
Symbolic Thinking
______ stage - They’re increasingly aware of external events. (7-11, signs of adult thinking appear, can think logically about concrete ideas NOT abstract concepts, can see from another POV, understands time, understands fairness)
Concrete Operational Stage
_____ stage - Final stage of cognitive development (starts around ages 11-12 and continues throughout adulthood, able to think more abstractly, can look at problems from different points of view)
Formal Operational Stage
______ was most interested in the moral developments of infants and children (more interested in why a child might consider a course of action was right or wrong rather than if it was, also believed development occurs in stages rather than being continuous)
Lawrence Kohlberg
______ level - Lasts til 9, involves judgements children make on the consequences of the behaviors (first 2 stages)
Preconventional Level
Stage ___ - children do what they think is right to avoid punishment
Stage 1
Stage ___ - Children believe that satisfying one’s needs is the important goal
Stage 2
_____ level - The child’s moral reasoning is whether or not the act conforms to conventional standards of right and wrong (moral standards may be based on family, religion, or from society)
Conventional Level
Stage ___ - Moral reasoning is based on approval from others (praise from others for doing the right thing, around 13 years old)
Stage 3
Stage ____ - Morality is derived from expectations of laws and order (Usually around 16 years old)
Stage 4
_____ level - Moral reasoning reflects one’s personal values rather than conventional standards (usually seen in adulthood, rarely in adolescence)
Postconventional Level
Stage ___ - Reasoning is derived from the belief that laws are agreed upon and therefore have value (Laws shouldn’t be violated without good reasoning)
Stage 5
Stage ____ - Moral reasoning is derived from one’s own conscience (may not be in the same opinion of others)
Stage 6
