Cognitive Development Of Infants And Children

Question 1

_____ was interested in the development of thought processes in children (believed children’s cognition developed in a set of stages)

Answer 1

Jean Piaget

Question 2

_____ - We organize new information into already existing categories in our minds (Ex: seeing a new type of dog)

Answer 2

Assimilation

Question 3

_____ - Organizing new information based on new categories of that have been corrected (Ex: thinking a plane is a bird, then correcting it to being a plane)

Answer 3

Accommodation

Question 4

Piaget’s different stages of children’s cognition

Answer 4

Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
Concrete operational stage
Formal operational stage

Question 5

_____ stage - Begins a month after birth, involves coordinating sensation with motor activity (ages 0-2, stage where a child develops object permanence)

Answer 5

Sensorimotor Stage

Question 6

_____ - Understanding that items and people still exist when you can’t see or hear them (in the sensorimotor stage)

Answer 6

Object Permanence

Question 7

_____ stage - Children at 2 years of age are able to use words as symbols (2-7 years, only able to think one dimensionally, unable to comprehend the law of conservation, children may see the world as artificialistic or animalistic)

Answer 7

Preoperational stage

Question 8

______ - Inability to see things from other peoples point of view (doesn’t mean their selfish, just means they assume everyone else sees what they see, in the Preoperational stage)

Answer 8

Egocentric

Question 9

______ - Children may believe that natural events like earthquakes or rain are made by people

Answer 9

Artificialistic

Question 10

_____ - Children may think inanimate objects such as the sun are conscious

Answer 10

Animistic

Question 11

______ - Children at this stage may have an active imagination

Answer 11

Symbolic Thinking

Question 12

______ stage - They’re increasingly aware of external events. (7-11, signs of adult thinking appear, can think logically about concrete ideas NOT abstract concepts, can see from another POV, understands time, understands fairness)

Answer 12

Concrete Operational Stage

Question 13

_____ stage - Final stage of cognitive development (starts around ages 11-12 and continues throughout adulthood, able to think more abstractly, can look at problems from different points of view)

Answer 13

Formal Operational Stage

Question 14

______ was most interested in the moral developments of infants and children (more interested in why a child might consider a course of action was right or wrong rather than if it was, also believed development occurs in stages rather than being continuous)

Answer 14

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 15

______ level - Lasts til 9, involves judgements children make on the consequences of the behaviors (first 2 stages)

Answer 15

Preconventional Level

Question 16

Stage ___ - children do what they think is right to avoid punishment

Answer 16

Stage 1

Question 17

Stage ___ - Children believe that satisfying one’s needs is the important goal

Answer 17

Stage 2

Question 18

_____ level - The child’s moral reasoning is whether or not the act conforms to conventional standards of right and wrong (moral standards may be based on family, religion, or from society)

Answer 18

Conventional Level

Question 19

Stage ___ - Moral reasoning is based on approval from others (praise from others for doing the right thing, around 13 years old)

Answer 19

Stage 3

Question 20

Stage ____ - Morality is derived from expectations of laws and order (Usually around 16 years old)

Answer 20

Stage 4

Question 21

_____ level - Moral reasoning reflects one’s personal values rather than conventional standards (usually seen in adulthood, rarely in adolescence)

Answer 21

Postconventional Level

Question 22

Stage ___ - Reasoning is derived from the belief that laws are agreed upon and therefore have value (Laws shouldn’t be violated without good reasoning)

Answer 22

Stage 5

Question 23

Stage ____ - Moral reasoning is derived from one’s own conscience (may not be in the same opinion of others)

Answer 23

Stage 6