cognitive development

Question 1

accommodation

Answer 1

adjusting or changing existing schemas because conflicting information creates disequilibrium

Question 2

assimilation

Answer 2

fitting new experiences into an existing schema without making any change to the schema

Question 3

cognitive development

Answer 3

mental processes change as we age

Question 4

equilibration

Answer 4

balance between existing schemas and new experiences

Question 5

schema

Answer 5

helps organise and interpret information in the brain. a mental framework of beliefs and expectations that influence cognitive processing. they are developed from experience

Question 6

class inclusion

Answer 6

relation between two classes where all members from one class are included in the other

Question 7

conservation

Answer 7

to understand that despite superficial changes in appearance basic properties of an object remain unchanged- age of 6 or 7

Question 8

egocentrism

Answer 8

seeing things from your own viewpoint and being unaware of other possible viewpoints

Question 9

object permanence

Answer 9

understanding that objects that are no longer visible nevertheless continue to exist

Question 10

Piaget- stage 1

Answer 10

sensorimotor stage
0-2 years
infant learns how to co-ordinate sensory input with motor actions
around 8 months infants gain object permanence

Question 11

Piaget-stage 2

Answer 11

pre-operational stage
2-7 years
children lack logic-based reasoning, in conservation tasks children fail to see the logic that volume csnnot change
thinking is egocentric
children struggle with class inclusion, they can classify objects into categories but have difficulty considering sub-groups

Question 12

Piaget-stage 3

Answer 12

concrete operational stage
7-11 years
children acquire basic logical reasoning
bale to conserve
can't apply abstract thinking

Question 13

Piaget-stage 4

Answer 13

formal operation stage
11 years+
children an solve abstract problems
also display idealistic thinking

Question 14

scaffolding

Answer 14

aims to supports a learner only when absolutely necessary. provide a support framework to assist the learning process. scaffolding is where the learner is assisted through their ZPD

Question 15

semiotics

Answer 15

signs and symbols developed within a particular culture

Question 16

Zone of proximal development

Answer 16

the ‘region’ between a person’s current ability, can they perform with no assistance, their potential capabilities, which they can be helped to achieve with the assistance of ‘experts’

Question 17

false belief

Answer 17

others may hold and act on mistaken beliefs

Question 18

nativist approach

Answer 18

born with innate abilities

Question 19

physical reasoning system

Answer 19

innate system provides a framework for reasoning about the displacements and interactions of physical objects