cognitive development

Question 1

what is cognitive development?

Answer 1

changes in abilities such as thinking, reasoning, memory, attention, imagination and language

Question 2

describe the process of schema formation?

Answer 2

1. you receive new information
2. you attempt to assimilate it to an existing schema
3. if it can assimilate there is no change and there is no equilibrium.
4. if cannot assimilate than disequilibrium
5. you can either accomodate the new info by changing or creating new schemas.
6. there will then be equilibrium again

Question 3

what is disequilibrium?

Answer 3

if a new experience doest fit to existing knowledge

Question 4

what is accommodation?

Answer 4

how people adapt current knowledge in response to new experiences

Question 5

what is assimilation?

Answer 5

how people translate incoming information into a form they can understand.

Question 6

what is equilibration?

Answer 6

the balance of assimilation and accommodation to create a stable understanding

Question 7

what are schemas?

Answer 7

cognitive framework that helps people organise and interpret information

Question 8

what is invariant sequence?

Answer 8

an order that is unchanging and theories the order in which the stages of development occurs

these stages children must progress through sequentially

Question 9

what age does the sensorimotor stage occur?

Answer 9

Birth-2

Question 9

what are the 4 stages of Piagets theory?

Answer 9

sensorimotor stage
pre operational stage
concrete4 operational stage
formal operation stage

Question 10

what age does the pre operational stage occur?

Answer 10

2-6

Question 11

what age does the concrete operational stage occur?

Answer 11

7-11

Question 12

what age does the formal operational stage occur?

Answer 12

12+

Question 13

briefly describe the sensorimotor stage?

Question 14

how many substages are in the sensorimotor stage?

Answer 14

6

Question 15

outline the A not B task
(sensorimotor stage)

Answer 15

• experimenter hides a toy under the box A, the baby reaches for the toy under box A
• repeated
• experimenter moves the toy to box B
• babies under 10 months make an error and look under box A
• this demonstrates a lack of schema of object permeance

Question 16

briefly describe the pre-operational stage

Answer 16

• the child uses symbols and words to represent objects
• ability to pretend
• egocentric, everyone sees the world through their eyes
• anism: non living objects have feelings

Question 17

outline the 3 mountain task
(pre-operational)

Answer 17

• child sat at table with 3 different mountains
• child walks around table and sits down
• a doll is placed in a position
• child is asked to pick one photograph from multiple, that shows what the doll is seeing
• if the child pick the correct one they are no longer ego-centric
• 7 years and up consistently choose the correct one

Question 18

briefly describe the concrete operational stage

Answer 18

children can think logically about concrete objects and conserve quantities
- serration: organise objects in a logical order

Question 19

outline the conservation of liquid and number tasks
(concrete operational)

Answer 19

• 2 same sized cups are shown with same amount of liquid
• “do they have the same”
• water from one cup is poured into a small tall cup
• “do they have the sam elf different amounts”

Question 20

briefly describe the formal operational

Answer 20

• can abstractly think in hypothetical terms
• think in a more sophisticated and higher way

Question 21

outline the pendulum problem ( formal operational )

Answer 21

compare the motions of longer and shorter strings with different weights attached
- children in formal operational will perform the experiment testing one variable at a time.